E1 intro to AP and NS Flashcards
what is the purpose of the nervous system
to send messages from various parts of your body to your brain, and from your brain back out to your body to tell your body what to do.
what is the purpose of the respiratory system
muscles of the chest wall generate air pressure to create voice and sound
what is the purpose of the phonatory system
larynx must create enough energy for the voice and speech to be hear
what is the purpose of the articular system
vocal tract muscles must expend the vocal vibrations quickly in order for speech to be clear
what is the purpose of the auditory system
acoustic was into speech sounds. self-monitoring their speech production and listeners can listen. ear extends from the brain and speech is decoded and understood
what does overlaid functions mean
all the used systems work together to produce life.
things like speech feeds off of these systems to work, We use the larynx to block the path to the lungs when swallowing
what is the anatomical position
- Body in upward position facing observer, eyes forward, toes forward, palms forward/outward, feet together
what are the planes of reference
sagittal plane
frontal/coronal plane
transverse plane
what does the sagittal plane do
vertical cut that divides body up and down (left and right parts)
what does the coronal/frontal plane do
vertical cut that divides the body into front and back
what does the transverse plane do
horizontal cut that divides the body into upper and lower parts
what is another name for the cerebral cortex
gray matter
what is the covering of the cerebral cortex called
meninges
what is the purpose of the meninges
protect your CNS from trauma and injury to the brain, absorbs impact
why is the brain wrinkly instead of smooth
to maximize the brain’s surface area, allows brain to have more neurons while decrying the distance between them
what are the terms that describe the landmarks of the cortex
sulk, fissures, and gyri
what are the two divisions of the nervous system
central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
what are neurons
receive and give information to other cells, electric signals from the brain that help all systems connect and signal each other
what is the purpose of a neuron
communication elements of the nervous system
how do the neurons function with each other
by transferring signals through a synapse, between axons and dendrites. these signals travel neuron to neuron to relay the message
why is myelin , why is it good
Myelin protects the neuron, and allows the impulses to transmit quickly along the nerve cells. The axon is wrapped in myelin rings. In between the ring of myelin is the Nodes of Ranvier
what are the four lobes of the brain
Frontal
occipital
parietal
temporal
find the four lobes on yourself
Frontal lobe - front of head/ forehead
Occipital lobe - back of the head / neck area (cerebellum is inferior to Occ.)
Parietal lobe - near crown of your head with right and left hemisphere
Temporal lobe - inferior to parietal lobe on the left and right sides
what are the geographical landmarks that separate the lobes
Longitudinal fissure/ sagittal fissure - left and right hems
Central fissure/ fissure of Rolando - frontal lobe and the parietal
Lateral fissure/ Sylvian fissure - frontal and parietal
what is the function of the frontal lobe
attention, organization, planning, completion of tasks
self-monitoring, evaluating progress, revising plans
what area is in the frontal lobe that is important to our profession
broca’s area- Planning and organization of motor behavior required for speech production
Apraxia, dysarthrias
what is the function of Broca’s area
Planning and organization of motor behavior required for speech production
Apraxia, dysarthrias
premotor cortex
what is the function of the parietal lobe
Manage emotions, process information from the senses, and storing and retrieving memories, language
touch and pain, analyze and sense information
what area is in the parietal lobe that is important to our profession
Wernicke’s area!!!!
speech production
articulation
what is the function of the occipital lobe
primary visual cortex
Using what your eyes see and transferring it to the brain so we can understand what we are seeing
which lobes do SLPs care most about
temporal and parietal lobes because they house the major speech centers
what is the point of the limbic system
Emotions, motivation, energy, and adaptive functions
Hippocampus- memory, emotions, motivation
Amnesia
Chronic alcohol consumption
Amygdala- memory, decision making, emotional response
what structure in the brain tells the left hand what the right hand is doing
the motor cortex
what are the main blood vessels that supply the brain
two vertebral arteries
two carotid arteries
where in the brain do the main blood vessels meet
circle of willis
what is the expensive name for a stroke
cerebrovascular accident
how can the blood supply to the brain be interrupted
hemorrhage
embolus
aneurysm
thrombosis
where is the cerebrospinal fluid produced
produced in ventricles of the brain within the spinal column
what is the purpose of cerebrospinal cord fluid
helps protect the brain and spinal fluid
what happens when there is too much cerebrospinal cord fluid
increases the size of the brain and causes excess pressure
that’s BADDDD
what is the function of the cerebellum
motor coordination
balance, steadiness, connects to spinal cord, and cortex
where is the cerebellum on a brain map
inferior to the occipital lobe at the base of the neck/brain
what are the structures located in the brain stem
midbrain
pons
medulla
what is the function of the brainstem
contains the nuclei and fiber tracts of 12 cranial nerves
control muscles of head and neck, hearing, speech, and swallowing
what is the function of the medulla
controls heartbeat, breathing, and blood pressure. vital forms of life
what is another name for the medulla
medulla oblongata
how many cranial nerves do we have
12
how are the cranial nerves labeled
numbered by Roman numerals
numbered at the height they exit the brainstem from top to bottom
which cranial nerves are most important in our profession
CN V
CN VII-XII
what do those cranial nerves do
important to speech, hearing, and swallowing
what kinds of problems would occur if the important cranial nerves had lesions
difficulty speaking, hearing, and swallowing
some cases might not be able to understand their first language after injury
how do you remember the names of these nerves
Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel A Girls Very Soft Hair
what is the function of the spinal column
give the body structure and support
what part of the nervous system is the spinal column
PNS
what is the function of the temporal lobe
language and speech capabilities
