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Anatomy And Physiology 281 > E1 intro to AP and NS > Flashcards

E1 intro to AP and NS Flashcards

1
Q

what is the purpose of the nervous system

A

to send messages from various parts of your body to your brain, and from your brain back out to your body to tell your body what to do.

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2
Q

what is the purpose of the respiratory system

A

muscles of the chest wall generate air pressure to create voice and sound

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3
Q

what is the purpose of the phonatory system

A

larynx must create enough energy for the voice and speech to be hear

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4
Q

what is the purpose of the articular system

A

vocal tract muscles must expend the vocal vibrations quickly in order for speech to be clear

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5
Q

what is the purpose of the auditory system

A

acoustic was into speech sounds. self-monitoring their speech production and listeners can listen. ear extends from the brain and speech is decoded and understood

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6
Q

what does overlaid functions mean

A

all the used systems work together to produce life.
things like speech feeds off of these systems to work, We use the larynx to block the path to the lungs when swallowing

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7
Q

what is the anatomical position

A
  • Body in upward position facing observer, eyes forward, toes forward, palms forward/outward, feet together
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8
Q

what are the planes of reference

A

sagittal plane
frontal/coronal plane
transverse plane

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9
Q

what does the sagittal plane do

A

vertical cut that divides body up and down (left and right parts)

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10
Q

what does the coronal/frontal plane do

A

vertical cut that divides the body into front and back

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11
Q

what does the transverse plane do

A

horizontal cut that divides the body into upper and lower parts

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12
Q

what is another name for the cerebral cortex

A

gray matter

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13
Q

what is the covering of the cerebral cortex called

A

meninges

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14
Q

what is the purpose of the meninges

A

protect your CNS from trauma and injury to the brain, absorbs impact

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15
Q

why is the brain wrinkly instead of smooth

A

to maximize the brain’s surface area, allows brain to have more neurons while decrying the distance between them

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16
Q

what are the terms that describe the landmarks of the cortex

A

sulk, fissures, and gyri

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17
Q

what are the two divisions of the nervous system

A

central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

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18
Q

what are neurons

A

receive and give information to other cells, electric signals from the brain that help all systems connect and signal each other

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19
Q

what is the purpose of a neuron

A

communication elements of the nervous system

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20
Q

how do the neurons function with each other

A

by transferring signals through a synapse, between axons and dendrites. these signals travel neuron to neuron to relay the message

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21
Q

why is myelin , why is it good

A

Myelin protects the neuron, and allows the impulses to transmit quickly along the nerve cells. The axon is wrapped in myelin rings. In between the ring of myelin is the Nodes of Ranvier

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22
Q

what are the four lobes of the brain

A

Frontal
occipital
parietal
temporal

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23
Q

find the four lobes on yourself

A

Frontal lobe - front of head/ forehead
Occipital lobe - back of the head / neck area (cerebellum is inferior to Occ.)
Parietal lobe - near crown of your head with right and left hemisphere
Temporal lobe - inferior to parietal lobe on the left and right sides

24
Q

what are the geographical landmarks that separate the lobes

A

Longitudinal fissure/ sagittal fissure - left and right hems
Central fissure/ fissure of Rolando - frontal lobe and the parietal
Lateral fissure/ Sylvian fissure - frontal and parietal

25
Q

what is the function of the frontal lobe

A

attention, organization, planning, completion of tasks
self-monitoring, evaluating progress, revising plans

26
Q

what area is in the frontal lobe that is important to our profession

A

broca’s area- Planning and organization of motor behavior required for speech production
Apraxia, dysarthrias

27
Q

what is the function of Broca’s area

A

Planning and organization of motor behavior required for speech production
Apraxia, dysarthrias

premotor cortex

28
Q

what is the function of the parietal lobe

A

Manage emotions, process information from the senses, and storing and retrieving memories, language

touch and pain, analyze and sense information

29
Q

what area is in the parietal lobe that is important to our profession

A

Wernicke’s area!!!!
speech production
articulation

30
Q

what is the function of the occipital lobe

A

primary visual cortex
Using what your eyes see and transferring it to the brain so we can understand what we are seeing

31
Q

which lobes do SLPs care most about

A

temporal and parietal lobes because they house the major speech centers

32
Q

what is the point of the limbic system

A

Emotions, motivation, energy, and adaptive functions
Hippocampus- memory, emotions, motivation
Amnesia
Chronic alcohol consumption
Amygdala- memory, decision making, emotional response

33
Q

what structure in the brain tells the left hand what the right hand is doing

A

the motor cortex

34
Q

what are the main blood vessels that supply the brain

A

two vertebral arteries
two carotid arteries

35
Q

where in the brain do the main blood vessels meet

A

circle of willis

36
Q

what is the expensive name for a stroke

A

cerebrovascular accident

37
Q

how can the blood supply to the brain be interrupted

A

hemorrhage
embolus
aneurysm
thrombosis

38
Q

where is the cerebrospinal fluid produced

A

produced in ventricles of the brain within the spinal column

39
Q

what is the purpose of cerebrospinal cord fluid

A

helps protect the brain and spinal fluid

40
Q

what happens when there is too much cerebrospinal cord fluid

A

increases the size of the brain and causes excess pressure
that’s BADDDD

41
Q

what is the function of the cerebellum

A

motor coordination
balance, steadiness, connects to spinal cord, and cortex

42
Q

where is the cerebellum on a brain map

A

inferior to the occipital lobe at the base of the neck/brain

43
Q

what are the structures located in the brain stem

A

midbrain
pons
medulla

44
Q

what is the function of the brainstem

A

contains the nuclei and fiber tracts of 12 cranial nerves
control muscles of head and neck, hearing, speech, and swallowing

45
Q

what is the function of the medulla

A

controls heartbeat, breathing, and blood pressure. vital forms of life

46
Q

what is another name for the medulla

A

medulla oblongata

47
Q

how many cranial nerves do we have

A

12

48
Q

how are the cranial nerves labeled

A

numbered by Roman numerals
numbered at the height they exit the brainstem from top to bottom

49
Q

which cranial nerves are most important in our profession

A

CN V
CN VII-XII

50
Q

what do those cranial nerves do

A

important to speech, hearing, and swallowing

51
Q

what kinds of problems would occur if the important cranial nerves had lesions

A

difficulty speaking, hearing, and swallowing
some cases might not be able to understand their first language after injury

52
Q

how do you remember the names of these nerves

A

Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel A Girls Very Soft Hair

53
Q

what is the function of the spinal column

A

give the body structure and support

54
Q

what part of the nervous system is the spinal column

A

PNS

54
Q

what is the function of the temporal lobe

A

language and speech capabilities

Anatomy And Physiology 281 (6 decks)

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