E2: Reading Assignments Flashcards
Bactericide
chemical that destroys bacteria except for endospores, may/not be effective on other microbial groups
Fungicide
chemical that kills fungal spores, hyphae, yeasts
Virucide
chemical known to inactivate viruses, esp on living tissue
Sporicide
agent capable of destroying endospores
Germicide
aka microbicide, any chemical agent that kills PATHOGENIC microorg, can be used on inanimate materials or living tissue, lethal to non-spore forming pathogens
Disinfection
use of a physical process or a chemical agent to destroy veggie pathogens, but not necessarily endospores, normally on inanimate objects, used on pathogenic/non-spore forming microbes or their toxins
Sepsis
growth of microorg in blood and other tissues
Asepsis
any practice that prevents entry of infectious agents into sterile tissues and thus prevents infection
Antisepsis
chemical agents called antiseptics are appied directly to exposed body surfaces, wounds, and surgical incisions to destroy or inhibit veggie pathogens
Degermination
reduction in microbial load on living tissue thru mechanical means (scrubbing)
Alcohols + Detergents…
both attach to outer membrane of cell wall, more effective in G- b/c they have thin cell walls
alcohols poke holes in G- cell wall
Germicidal vs non-germicidal soap
germicidal - has persistant effects on skin over time, keeping microbial count low, unlike non-germicidal soap (no residual action)
How do antimicrobial agents work?
several types of chemical agents damage CW by blocking its synthesis, digesting it, or breaking its surface down. cell deprived of CW = fragile, can be easily lysed. detergents and alcohol can disrupt CW, esp in G-
Theraputic Index (TI)
ratio of dose of drug that’s toxic to humans as compared to it’s minimum effective therapeutic does. smaller the ratio, greater the potential for toxic drug rxns. (small ratio = bad).
Antivirals
acyclovir, AZT, ribavirin, protease inhibitors, amantadine, oseltamivir (tamiflu)
