E1a3 Childrearing as an explanation for criminality

Question 1

Childrearing strategies

Answer 1

the ways in which a parent brings up their child:

1) induction
2) love withdrawal
3) power assertion

Question 2

Induction

Answer 2

childrearing strategy that involves explaining to child what they have done wrong+ what the consequences of their actions are. Helps child identify wrongdoings and see how behavior has affected others. Encourages empathy- child sees from others’s pov

Question 3

Love withdrawal

Answer 3

childrearing strategy where parent withdraws affection for child to make them feel guilty for bad behavior. They impose conditions on their love for the child: saying they do not love them when they are bad. Child’s feelings manipulated in such a way that they do not develop clear sense of individuality and independence as they have been rejected

Question 4

Power assertion

Answer 4

childrearing strategy where parent smacks child/ tells them off. Child may be openly criticised and threatened with punishment to make them behave. Can be excessive punishment- physical or parent can make fun of them. Most associated with delinquency in childhood. Leads to low self-esteem as child doesn’t feel worthy of love. Can devlop aggression, especially if:

1) punishment inconsistent- child never sure type of punishment they will receive or when
2) punishment lengthy and severe
3) verbal threats not seen through- child left scared
4) each parent applies different standards of punishment