E15

Question 1

hazards

Answer 1

ash ejected 8km + into the atmosphere
entered jet stream
jokulhlaups with peak discharge of 104 cumecs

Question 2

economic/social/env. impacts

Answer 2

disrupted air travel
$1..7bn lost revenue
50-60 farms destroyed

flooding threatened highway
no deaths, but people suffered from respiratory problem

river temp. sudden increase
fluoride is ash contaminated soils affecting livestock and agri.
2.8 million tonnes of CO2 was not emitted due to disruption

Question 3

prediction

Answer 3

tourism impacted evacuation plans
multiple systems in place to detect signs
mid 2009, ground deformation
swarms of EQs in years prior, indicating magma movement

Question 4

during

Answer 4

aid centres opened
roads closed to prevent people entering areas of risk
500 farmers evacuated

Question 5

after

Answer 5

1000 had to evacuate due to risk of melting glaciers
some farmers decided to move
60 volunteers from red cross gave aid