E1 Q3 Bank Flashcards by Apricot Morgan

A 30-year-old female is diagnosed with cancer. Testing reveals that the cancer cells have spread to local lymph nodes. A nurse realizes this cancer would be documented as stage:
1
2
4
3

D. 3

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Which statement indicates the patient has a correct understanding of metastasis? The most common route of metastasis is through the blood vessels and:
Body cavities
Lung tissue
Lymphatics
Connective tissues

C. Lymphatics

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A nurse is discussing preinvasive epithelial tumors of glandular or squamous cell origin. What is the nurse describing?
Dysplastic
Cancer beyond (meta) situ
Tumor in differentiation
Cancer in situ

D. Cancer in situ

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A 45-year-old female was recently diagnosed with cervical cancer. Which of the following is the most likely cause of her cancer?
Human papillomavirus (HPV)
Rubella virus
Herpes virus
Hepatitis B virus

A. Human papillomavirus (HPV)

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When an oncologist is teaching about how radiation induces genomic instability, which topic should the oncologist discuss?
Promoting cell death
Facilitating new mutations
Enhancing mitosis
Increasing hypersensitivity

B. Facilitating new mutations

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A 65-year-old patient recently diagnosed with cancer retired from construction work. Which cancer is likely to develop secondarily to occupational hazards?
Bladder cancer
Mesothelioma
Bone cancer
Prostate cancer

B. Mesothelioma

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A nurse recalls physical activity was shown to definitely reduce the risk of which of the following types of cancer?
Colon
Prostate
Bone
lung

A. Colon

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What is the origin of most childhood cancers?
Mesodermal germ layer
Placenta
Environment
Neural tube

A. Mesodermal germ layer

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A nurse is preparing to teach the most common malignancy in children. Which malignancy should the nurse discuss?
Wilms tumor
Leukemia
Neuroblastoma
Retinoblastoma

B. Leukemia

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Which characterizes an embryonic cancer tumor?
Often seen in adults
Composed of mature, differentiated cells
Commonly occurring
Usually manifested around age 5

D. Usually manifested around age 5

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A 25-year-old male develops a tumor of the breast glandular tissue. What type of tumor will be documented on the chart?
Adenocarcinoma
Carcinoma
Sarcoma
Lymphoma

A. Adenocarcinoma

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A 52-year-old male with hepatitis C recently developed hepatic cancer. Which of the following markers should be increased?
Prostate-specific antigen
Catecholamines
Homovanillic acid
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)

D. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)

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Which genetic change causes alterations in only one or a few nucleotide bases?
Insertions
Point mutations
Deletions
Amplification mutations

B. Point mutations

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A water test recently revealed arsenic levels above 200 mcg/L. Which of the following cancers would be most likely to develop in those who consistently drank the water?
Liver
Kidney
Skin
Colon

C. Skin

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A 50-year-old female confirms chronic alcohol intake. This practice places the patient at risk for cancer in which organs? (Select all that apply.)
Larynx
Brain
Esophagus
Lung
Breast
liver

A. Larynx
C. Esophagus
E. Breast
F. Liver

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When an oncologist is discussing the degree to which an organism’s development is contingent on its environment, which of the following is the oncologist explaining?
Transgenerational inheritance
Epigenetics
Histone modification
Developmental plasticity

D. Developmental plasticity

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The nurse explains to a parent that young children diagnosed with Down syndrome are at higher risk for developing:
Leukemia
Retinoblastoma
Nephroblastoma
rhabdomyosarcoma.

A. Leukemia

A 3-year-old female was diagnosed with Wilms tumor. This disease is a tumor of the:
Kidney
Brain
Bone marrow
Liver

A. Kidney

An oncologist is discussing when a cancer cell loses differentiation. Which of the following is the oncologist describing?
Metastasis
Anaplasia
Autonomy
Pleomorphic

B. Anaplasia

A nurse is giving an example of inflammation as an etiology for cancer development. What is the best example the nurse should give?
Hypercholesterolemia and leukemia
Ulcerative colitis and colon cancer
Prostatic hypertrophy and prostate cancer
Pneumonia and lung cancer

B. Ulcerative colitis and colon cancer

The most common type of tissue cancer occurring between ages 15 and 19 is:
Carcinoma
Sarcoma
Squamous cell
Neuroma

A. Carcinoma

A 40-year-old female developed adenocarcinoma of the vagina. Which prenatal event is the most likely cause of her cancer?
Exposure to radiation
Rb gene mutation
Exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES)
Exposure to solvents

C. Exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES)

A 45-year-old male presents with persistent, severe stomach pain. Testing reveals a peptic ulcer. Further laboratory tests reveal the presence of Helicobacter pylori. Which of the following is of concern for this patient?
Lung cancer
Gastric cancer
Leukemia
Adenocarcinoma of the colon

B. Gastric cancer

A patient asks when adjuvant chemotherapy is used. How should the nurse respond? Adjuvant chemotherapy treatment is used:
as the primary treatment
Before radiation therapy
After surgical removal of the tumor
In cancer with little risk of metastasis

C. After surgical removal of the tumor

Which of the following indicates a nurse understands a protooncogene? A protooncogene is best described as a ____ gene Tumor-suppressor Altered Inactive Normal

D. Normal

A patient asks why indoor pollution is worse than outdoor pollution, how should the nurse respond. Indoor pollution is considered worse than outdoor pollution because of cigarette smoke and: Radon Benzene Chlorine Fireplace wood smoke

A. Radon

The role of physical activity in the prevention of colon cancer is identified in which of the following? It increases blood supply, therefore increasing oxygen to the colon It increases fluid loss, leading to thirst and increased fluid intake, hydrating the colon It increases gut motility, decreasing the time the bowel is exposed to mutagens It increases the secretion of hydrochloric acid, thereby killing the mutants

C. In increased gut mobility, decreasing the time the bowel is exposed to mutagens

What event occurs in about 70% cases of childhood cancers? Cured. Participated in clinical trials Developed a secondary malignancy Required only chemotherapy

A. Cured

Brachytherapy is being used to treat cancer in a patient. What types of cancers respond well to brachytherapy. (Select all that apply). Cervix Head Lung Prostate Neck

A. Cervix B. Head D. Prostate E. Neck

A 30-year-old male with HIV is diagnosed with Epstein-Barr virus. After 2 months, the virus is still active. Based upon the Epstein-Barr virus, which of the following cancers is most likely to develop in this patient? B-cell lymphoma T-cell lipoma Kaposi sarcoma T-cell leukemia

A. B-cell lymphoma

A 16 year old with aspirations of becoming a bodybuilder spends 3 hours a day in the gym. Five years later, a hepatocellular carcinoma was discovered. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the cancer? A viral infection Immunosuppressive agents Cytotoxic agents Anabolic steroids

D. Anabolic steroids

Which information indicates a nurse understands characteristics of malignant tumors? Has a well-defined capsule Is well differentiated Grows slowly Invasive

D. Invasive

The most important environmental risk factor for cancer is exposure to: Ultraviolet radiation Cigarette smoke Radon estrogen

B. Cigarette smoke

When an aide asks why carcinomas rarely occur in childhood, how should the nurse respond? (Select all that apply.) Carcinomas need a long time from exposure to occurrence. Carcinomas are mesodermal. Carcinomas cannot develop in an immunosuppressed environment. Carcinomas are due to environmental exposures. Carcinomas occur primarily in secondary sexual organs.

A. Carcinomas need a long time from exposure to occurrence D. Carcinomas are due to environmental exposures

What is the effect of telomere caps on cancer cells? Clonal distinction Mutation abilities Limited mitosis Repeated Divisions

D. Repeated divisions

What event occurs in about 70% of the cases of childhood cancers? Required only chemotherapy. Cured Participated in clinical trials. Developed a secondary malignancy

B. Cured

A patient develops skin cancer on the head and neck following years of sunbathing. Which of the following cancers is most likely? Leukemia Lymphoma Adenoma Basal cell carcinoma

D. Basal cell carcinoma

Which information should the nurse include when teaching about angiogenic factors? In cancer, angiogenic factors stimulate: New blood vessel growth Release of growth factors Apoptosis Tumor regression

A. New blood vessel growth

A primary care provider is attempting to diagnose cancer and is looking for a tumor marker. Which of the following could be a possible marker? Apoptotic cells Enzymes Red blood cells Neurotransmitters

B. Enzymes

A patient has a tissue growth that was diagnosed as cancer. Which of the following terms best describes this growth? Malignant tumor Meningioma Lipoma Hypertrophy

A. Malignant tumor

Chromosome aberrations and mutations in cells that were not directly irradiated are referred to as Delayed reproductive death Lethal mutation Genetic instability Bystander effect

D. Bystander effect

Which of the following indicates a nurse understands a proto-oncogene? A proto-oncogene is best defined as a ___ gene. Altered Tumor-suppressor Inactive normal

D. Normal