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Pharmacology 2 > E1- ANS Review > Flashcards

E1- ANS Review Flashcards

1
Q

The parasympathetic ANS has long preganglionic fibers that release ____ onto ____ receptors.

A

ACh

Nicotinic

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2
Q

The parasympathetic ANS has short postganglionic fibers that release ____ onto ____ receptors.

A

ACh

Muscarinic

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3
Q

The sympathetic ANS has short preganglionic fibers that release ____ onto ____ receptors in the chain ganglia.

A

ACh

Nicotinic

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4
Q

What part of the ANS functions in an “all or none” manner?

A

Sympathetic

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5
Q

What neurotransmitter do the sympathetic postganglionic fibers release most of?

A

NE

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6
Q

Sympathetic postganglionic fibers release ACh onto ____ receptors to innervate ____.

A

Muscarinic

Sweat glands

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7
Q

Sympathetic postganglionic fibers release NE onto ____ receptors to innervate ____.

A

Alpha and beta

Cardiac and smooth muscle, gland cells, and nerve terminals

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8
Q

Sympathetic postganglionic fibers release dopamine onto ____ receptors to innervate ____.

A

D1

Renal vasculature

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9
Q

Sympathetic preganglionic fibers release what neurotransmitter in the adrenal medulla?

A

ACh

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10
Q

Once stimulated, the adrenal medulla releases what neurotransmitters into the circulation?

A

NE and EPI

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11
Q

What receptors does NE act upon in the adrenal medulla?

A

Alpha 1 and Beta 1

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12
Q

What receptors does EPI act upon in the adrenal medulla?

A

Alpha 1, Beta 1, and Beta 2

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13
Q

Every nerve coming out of the CNS releases ____ on ____ receptors.

A

ACh

Nicotinic

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14
Q

What are the two types of cholinergic receptors?

A

Muscarinic and nicotinic

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15
Q

What are the three types of adrenergic receptors?

A

Alpha, beta, and D

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16
Q

Are M1 receptors excitatory or inhibitory? Where do they work?

A

Excitatory

Sweat glands

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17
Q

Are M2 receptors excitatory or inhibitory? Where do they work?

A

Inhibitory

Pre-synaptic nerve terminals, heart, smooth muscle

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18
Q

Are M3 receptors excitatory or inhibitory? Where do they work?

A

Excitatory

Endocrine glands, smooth muscle, vascular endothelium

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19
Q

Are Nicotinic receptors excitatory or inhibitory? Where do they work?

A

Ion Channel= depolarizes cell= excitatory
Nn- ganbglia
Nm- NMJ

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20
Q

How does botulinum toxin affect cholinergic transmission?

A

Inhibits release of ACh from vesicle

Decreases ACh in the synaptic cleft

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21
Q

How do muscarinic antagonists affect cholinergic transmission?

A

Inhibit activation of muscarinic receptors

Increases ACh in the synaptic cleft

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22
Q

How do cholinesterase iinhibitors affect cholinergic transmission?

A

Inhibit acetylcholinesterase

Increases ACh in the synaptic cleft

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23
Q

Are alpha 1 receptors excitatory or inhibitory? Where do they work?

A

Excitatory

Smooth muscle

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24
Q

Are alpha 2 receptors excitatory or inhibitory? Where do they work?

A

Inhibitory

Presynaptic nerve terminal

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25
Are beta 1 receptors excitatory or inhibitory? Where do they work?
Excitatory | Heart, increase HR and contraction force
26
Are beta 2 receptors excitatory or inhibitory? Where do they work?
Excitatory | Bronchioles, heart, smooth muscle in skeletal vessels
27
Are beta 3 receptors excitatory or inhibitory? Where do they work?
Excitatory | Increase lipolysis in fact cells
28
Are D 1 receptors excitatory or inhibitory? Where do they work?
Excitatory | Renal vascular bed vasodilation
29
How does cocaine/antidepressants affect adrenergic transmission?
Blocks the reuptake of NE | Increases NE in the synaptic cleft
30
How do amphetamines affect adrenergic transmission?
Displaces NE in nerve terminal and causes its release by reversing the NET Increases NE in the synaptic cleft
31
What do drugs like cocaine, antidepressants, and amphetamines require to work?
Intact terminals because their mechanisms rely upon the presynaptic neuron
32
The sympathetic innervation of blood vessels in the skin and reservoir veins have what type of receptor?
Alpha 1
33
Does sympathetic stimulation of blood vessels by NE in the skin and reservoir veins cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation? To which receptor does the NE bind?
Vasoconstriction | Alpha 1
34
Does sympathetic stimulation of blood vessels by EPI in the skin and reservoir veins cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation? To which receptor does the EPI bind?
Vasoconstriction | Alpha 1
35
The sympathetic innervation of blood vessels in skeletal muscle has what type of receptors?
Alpha 1 and beta 2
36
Does sympathetic stimulation of blood vessels by NE in skeletal muscle cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation? To which receptor does the NE bind?
Vasoconstriction | Alpha 1
37
Does sympathetic stimulation of blood vessels by low EPI in skeletal muscle cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation? To which receptor does the EPI bind?
Vasodilation | Beta 2
38
Does sympathetic stimulation of blood vessels by high EPI in skeletal muscle cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation? To which receptor does the EPI bind?
Vasoconstriction | Alpha 1
39
The sympathetic innervation of blood vessels in renal vasculature has what type of receptors?
Alpha 1, Beta 2, and D 1
40
Does sympathetic stimulation of blood vessels by NE in renal tissue cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation? To which receptor does the NE bind?
Vasoconstriction | Alpha 1
41
Does sympathetic stimulation of blood vessels by low EPI in renal tissue cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation? To which receptor does the EPI bind?
Vasodilation | Beta 2
42
Does sympathetic stimulation of blood vessels by high EPI in renal tissue cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation? To which receptor does the EPI bind?
Vasoconstriction | Alpha 1
43
Does sympathetic stimulation of blood vessels by low DA in renal tissue cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation? To which receptor does the DA bind?
Vasodilation | D1
44
Does sympathetic stimulation of blood vessels by high DA in renal tissue cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation? To which receptor does the DA bind?
Vasoconstriction | Alpha 1
45
What receptor increases salivary and lacrimal secretion? Parasympathetic or sympathetic?
M3 | Parasympathetic
46
What receptor does miosis and near vision accommodation? Parasympathetic or sympathetic?
M3 | Parasympathetic
47
What receptor causes sweating? Parasympathetic or sympathetic?
M1 | Sympathetic
48
What receptor increases salivation? Parasympathetic or sympathetic?
Alpha | Sympathetic
49
What receptor causes mydriasis? Parasympathetic or sympathetic?
Alpha | Sympathetic
50
What receptor causes nasal vasoconstriction? Parasympathetic or sympathetic?
Alpha | Sympathetic
51
What receptor stimulates GI contraction, relaxes sphincters and increases motility? Parasympathetic or sympathetic?
M3 | Parasympathetic
52
What receptor increases gastric acid secretion? Parasympathetic or sympathetic?
M3 | Parasympathetic
53
What receptor relaxes the GI tract and decreases motility? Parasympathetic or sympathetic?
Alpha 2 and Beta 2 | Sympathetic
54
What receptor causes glycogenolysis in the liver? Parasympathetic or sympathetic?
Beta 2 | Sympathetic
55
What receptor contracts the bladder wall and relaxes sphincters? Parasympathetic or sympathetic?
M3 | Parasympathetic
56
What receptor promotes erection? Parasympathetic or sympathetic?
M3 | Parasympathetic
57
What receptor increases renin secretion? Parasympathetic or sympathetic?
Beta 1 | Sympathetic
58
What receptor relaxes the uterus? Parasympathetic or sympathetic?
Beta 2 | Sympathetic
59
What receptor relaxes the bladder wall? Parasympathetic or sympathetic?
Beta 3 | Sympathetic
60
What receptor contracts the bladder spincter? Parasympathetic or sympathetic?
Alpha 1 | Sympathetic
61
What receptor causes dat dick to cum? Parasympathetic or sympathetic?
Alpha 1 | Sympathetic
62
What type of receptors increase aqueous humor production in the eye, leading to increased intraocular pressure?
Beta
63
The sympathetic ANS in the eye binds to what receptor to control the size of the pupil? What muscle does this control?
Alpha 1 | Radial muscle
64
What affect does the sympathetic ANS have on the size of the pupil?
Mydriasis without cyclopegia | dilates
65
The parasympathetic ANS in the eye binds to what receptor to control the size of the pupil? What muscle does this control?
M3 | Circular muscle
66
What affect does the parasympathetic ANS have on the size of the pupil?
Miosis | constricts
67
If the ciliary muscles of the eyes are relaxed what shape is the lens? What type of vision does this accommodate for?
Flatter lens | Good for far vision
68
If the ciliary muscles of the eyes are contracted what shape is the lens? What type of vision does this accommodate for?
Rounded lens | Good for near vision
69
What receptor contracts the eye lens? Parasympathetic or sympathetic?
M3 | Parasympathetic
70
What affect does muscarinic stimulation have on intraocular pressure?
Opens angle= decreases pressure
71
What is the predominate tone of the eye?
Parasympathetic (contracts)
72
What is the predominate tone of the heart?
Parasympathetic (decelerates)
73
What is the predominate tone of the blood vessels?
Sympathetics (NO PNS innervation)
74
What is the predominate tone of the GI tract?
Parasympathetic (walls contract, sphincter relaxes, secretion increases)
75
What is the predominate tone of the GU tract?
Parasympathetic (walls contract, sphincter relaxes, erection)
76
What is the predominate tone of the skin?
Sympathetic (contracts, sweat glands increase)

Pharmacology 2 (12 decks)

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