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Pharmacology 2 > E1- ANS Review > Flashcards

E1- ANS Review Flashcards

1
Q

The parasympathetic ANS has long preganglionic fibers that release ____ onto ____ receptors.

A

ACh

Nicotinic

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2
Q

The parasympathetic ANS has short postganglionic fibers that release ____ onto ____ receptors.

A

ACh

Muscarinic

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3
Q

The sympathetic ANS has short preganglionic fibers that release ____ onto ____ receptors in the chain ganglia.

A

ACh

Nicotinic

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4
Q

What part of the ANS functions in an “all or none” manner?

A

Sympathetic

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5
Q

What neurotransmitter do the sympathetic postganglionic fibers release most of?

A

NE

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6
Q

Sympathetic postganglionic fibers release ACh onto ____ receptors to innervate ____.

A

Muscarinic

Sweat glands

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7
Q

Sympathetic postganglionic fibers release NE onto ____ receptors to innervate ____.

A

Alpha and beta

Cardiac and smooth muscle, gland cells, and nerve terminals

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8
Q

Sympathetic postganglionic fibers release dopamine onto ____ receptors to innervate ____.

A

D1

Renal vasculature

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9
Q

Sympathetic preganglionic fibers release what neurotransmitter in the adrenal medulla?

A

ACh

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10
Q

Once stimulated, the adrenal medulla releases what neurotransmitters into the circulation?

A

NE and EPI

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11
Q

What receptors does NE act upon in the adrenal medulla?

A

Alpha 1 and Beta 1

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12
Q

What receptors does EPI act upon in the adrenal medulla?

A

Alpha 1, Beta 1, and Beta 2

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13
Q

Every nerve coming out of the CNS releases ____ on ____ receptors.

A

ACh

Nicotinic

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14
Q

What are the two types of cholinergic receptors?

A

Muscarinic and nicotinic

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15
Q

What are the three types of adrenergic receptors?

A

Alpha, beta, and D

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16
Q

Are M1 receptors excitatory or inhibitory? Where do they work?

A

Excitatory

Sweat glands

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17
Q

Are M2 receptors excitatory or inhibitory? Where do they work?

A

Inhibitory

Pre-synaptic nerve terminals, heart, smooth muscle

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18
Q

Are M3 receptors excitatory or inhibitory? Where do they work?

A

Excitatory

Endocrine glands, smooth muscle, vascular endothelium

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19
Q

Are Nicotinic receptors excitatory or inhibitory? Where do they work?

A

Ion Channel= depolarizes cell= excitatory
Nn- ganbglia
Nm- NMJ

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20
Q

How does botulinum toxin affect cholinergic transmission?

A

Inhibits release of ACh from vesicle

Decreases ACh in the synaptic cleft

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21
Q

How do muscarinic antagonists affect cholinergic transmission?

A

Inhibit activation of muscarinic receptors

Increases ACh in the synaptic cleft

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22
Q

How do cholinesterase iinhibitors affect cholinergic transmission?

A

Inhibit acetylcholinesterase

Increases ACh in the synaptic cleft

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23
Q

Are alpha 1 receptors excitatory or inhibitory? Where do they work?

A

Excitatory

Smooth muscle

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24
Q

Are alpha 2 receptors excitatory or inhibitory? Where do they work?

A

Inhibitory

Presynaptic nerve terminal

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25
Q

Are beta 1 receptors excitatory or inhibitory? Where do they work?

A

Excitatory

Heart, increase HR and contraction force

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26
Q

Are beta 2 receptors excitatory or inhibitory? Where do they work?

A

Excitatory

Bronchioles, heart, smooth muscle in skeletal vessels

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27
Q

Are beta 3 receptors excitatory or inhibitory? Where do they work?

A

Excitatory

Increase lipolysis in fact cells

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28
Q

Are D 1 receptors excitatory or inhibitory? Where do they work?

A

Excitatory

Renal vascular bed vasodilation

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29
Q

How does cocaine/antidepressants affect adrenergic transmission?

A

Blocks the reuptake of NE

Increases NE in the synaptic cleft

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30
Q

How do amphetamines affect adrenergic transmission?

A

Displaces NE in nerve terminal and causes its release by reversing the NET
Increases NE in the synaptic cleft

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31
Q

What do drugs like cocaine, antidepressants, and amphetamines require to work?

A

Intact terminals because their mechanisms rely upon the presynaptic neuron

32
Q

The sympathetic innervation of blood vessels in the skin and reservoir veins have what type of receptor?

A

Alpha 1

33
Q

Does sympathetic stimulation of blood vessels by NE in the skin and reservoir veins cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation? To which receptor does the NE bind?

A

Vasoconstriction

Alpha 1

34
Q

Does sympathetic stimulation of blood vessels by EPI in the skin and reservoir veins cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation? To which receptor does the EPI bind?

A

Vasoconstriction

Alpha 1

35
Q

The sympathetic innervation of blood vessels in skeletal muscle has what type of receptors?

A

Alpha 1 and beta 2

36
Q

Does sympathetic stimulation of blood vessels by NE in skeletal muscle cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation? To which receptor does the NE bind?

A

Vasoconstriction

Alpha 1

37
Q

Does sympathetic stimulation of blood vessels by low EPI in skeletal muscle cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation? To which receptor does the EPI bind?

A

Vasodilation

Beta 2

38
Q

Does sympathetic stimulation of blood vessels by high EPI in skeletal muscle cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation? To which receptor does the EPI bind?

A

Vasoconstriction

Alpha 1

39
Q

The sympathetic innervation of blood vessels in renal vasculature has what type of receptors?

A

Alpha 1, Beta 2, and D 1

40
Q

Does sympathetic stimulation of blood vessels by NE in renal tissue cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation? To which receptor does the NE bind?

A

Vasoconstriction

Alpha 1

41
Q

Does sympathetic stimulation of blood vessels by low EPI in renal tissue cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation?
To which receptor does the EPI bind?

A

Vasodilation

Beta 2

42
Q

Does sympathetic stimulation of blood vessels by high EPI in renal tissue cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation? To which receptor does the EPI bind?

A

Vasoconstriction

Alpha 1

43
Q

Does sympathetic stimulation of blood vessels by low DA in renal tissue cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation? To which receptor does the DA bind?

A

Vasodilation

D1

44
Q

Does sympathetic stimulation of blood vessels by high DA in renal tissue cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation? To which receptor does the DA bind?

A

Vasoconstriction

Alpha 1

45
Q

What receptor increases salivary and lacrimal secretion? Parasympathetic or sympathetic?

A

M3

Parasympathetic

46
Q

What receptor does miosis and near vision accommodation? Parasympathetic or sympathetic?

A

M3

Parasympathetic

47
Q

What receptor causes sweating? Parasympathetic or sympathetic?

A

M1

Sympathetic

48
Q

What receptor increases salivation? Parasympathetic or sympathetic?

A

Alpha

Sympathetic

49
Q

What receptor causes mydriasis? Parasympathetic or sympathetic?

A

Alpha

Sympathetic

50
Q

What receptor causes nasal vasoconstriction? Parasympathetic or sympathetic?

A

Alpha

Sympathetic

51
Q

What receptor stimulates GI contraction, relaxes sphincters and increases motility? Parasympathetic or sympathetic?

A

M3

Parasympathetic

52
Q

What receptor increases gastric acid secretion? Parasympathetic or sympathetic?

A

M3

Parasympathetic

53
Q

What receptor relaxes the GI tract and decreases motility? Parasympathetic or sympathetic?

A

Alpha 2 and Beta 2

Sympathetic

54
Q

What receptor causes glycogenolysis in the liver? Parasympathetic or sympathetic?

A

Beta 2

Sympathetic

55
Q

What receptor contracts the bladder wall and relaxes sphincters? Parasympathetic or sympathetic?

A

M3

Parasympathetic

56
Q

What receptor promotes erection? Parasympathetic or sympathetic?

A

M3

Parasympathetic

57
Q

What receptor increases renin secretion? Parasympathetic or sympathetic?

A

Beta 1

Sympathetic

58
Q

What receptor relaxes the uterus? Parasympathetic or sympathetic?

A

Beta 2

Sympathetic

59
Q

What receptor relaxes the bladder wall? Parasympathetic or sympathetic?

A

Beta 3

Sympathetic

60
Q

What receptor contracts the bladder spincter? Parasympathetic or sympathetic?

A

Alpha 1

Sympathetic

61
Q

What receptor causes dat dick to cum? Parasympathetic or sympathetic?

A

Alpha 1

Sympathetic

62
Q

What type of receptors increase aqueous humor production in the eye, leading to increased intraocular pressure?

A

Beta

63
Q

The sympathetic ANS in the eye binds to what receptor to control the size of the pupil? What muscle does this control?

A

Alpha 1

Radial muscle

64
Q

What affect does the sympathetic ANS have on the size of the pupil?

A

Mydriasis without cyclopegia

dilates

65
Q

The parasympathetic ANS in the eye binds to what receptor to control the size of the pupil? What muscle does this control?

A

M3

Circular muscle

66
Q

What affect does the parasympathetic ANS have on the size of the pupil?

A

Miosis

constricts

67
Q

If the ciliary muscles of the eyes are relaxed what shape is the lens? What type of vision does this accommodate for?

A

Flatter lens

Good for far vision

68
Q

If the ciliary muscles of the eyes are contracted what shape is the lens? What type of vision does this accommodate for?

A

Rounded lens

Good for near vision

69
Q

What receptor contracts the eye lens? Parasympathetic or sympathetic?

A

M3

Parasympathetic

70
Q

What affect does muscarinic stimulation have on intraocular pressure?

A

Opens angle= decreases pressure

71
Q

What is the predominate tone of the eye?

A

Parasympathetic (contracts)

72
Q

What is the predominate tone of the heart?

A

Parasympathetic (decelerates)

73
Q

What is the predominate tone of the blood vessels?

A

Sympathetics (NO PNS innervation)

74
Q

What is the predominate tone of the GI tract?

A

Parasympathetic (walls contract, sphincter relaxes, secretion increases)

75
Q

What is the predominate tone of the GU tract?

A

Parasympathetic (walls contract, sphincter relaxes, erection)

76
Q

What is the predominate tone of the skin?

A

Sympathetic (contracts, sweat glands increase)

Pharmacology 2 (12 decks)

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