E01L01 Introduction to Pharma Flashcards
What is the study of drugs or the effects of chemical agents in the function of biologic systems ?
Pharmacology
____ is a substance that brings about a CHANGE in BIOLOGIC FUNCTION through its CHEMICAL ACTIONS
Drug
_______ ____________ is concerned with the use of chemicals in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease
Medical Pharmacology
What do you call the science of poisons or the study of undesirable effects of chemicals on living systems?
Toxicology
What Denotes the actions of the drug on the body (i.e what the drug does to the body)
Pharmacodynamics
What Describes the actions of biological systems on drugs? (i.e. what the body does to the drug)
Pharmacokinetics
Who is the Father of Pharmacology?
Oswald Schmiedeberg
Who isolated the first pure glycoside in crystal form from foxglove, which he called “digitoxin” ?
Oswald Schmiedeberg
Who isolated a much-purified material he called “digitalin” from foxglove in 1869 6 years after Oswald Schmiedeberg’s “digitoxin”?
Nativelle
Boehringer Mannheim (1888), F. Kraft (1912) discovered _______
other glycosides of foxglove
Who said that said that “Facts and facts alone are the basis of science“ and wrote the “Formulary for the preparation and mode of employing several new remedies” ?
Francois Magendie
Who studied curare and carbon monoxide gas on animals
Claude Bernard
Who established the first laboratory for experimental pharmacology in his basement, later moved to the Anatomy Theatre of University of Dorpat (now Tartu University in Estonia)?
Rudolph Buchheim
Who coined coined ‘chemotherapy’, started era of antimicrobial therapy?
Paul Erlich
Who introduced chemical receptor theory & “receptive substance”?
John Newport Langley
Who identified acetylcholine as possible neurotransmitter?
Sir Henry Hallet Dale
Who is Schmiedeberg’s student, trained many US pharmacologists and is the Father of American Pharmacology?
John Jacob Abel
Who is the Father of Philippine Pharmacology?
Dr. Daniel de la Paz
____________ deals with the use of chemotherapeutic agents to inhibit or destroy invading microbes, parasites or cancer cells with minimal effect on healthy living tissues.
Chemotherapy
________________ deals with genetically mediated variations in drug responses.
Pharmacogenetics
________ ____________ is a branch of pharmacology that deals with the pharmacological effects of drugs in man.
Clinical Pharmacology
_______________ deals with the development of new drug delivery systems and new dosage forms.
Biopharmaceutics
________________ is the use of genetic information to guide the choice of drug therapy on an individual basis.
Pharmacogenomics
____________________ is the study of drug effects at the population level, and helps in regulation of drugs.
Pharmacoepidemiology
AGONIST : active conformation of the receptor:: ________: inactive conformation of the receptor
ANTAGONIST
What is the receptor target of digoxin?
Na-K-ATPase
Which of the following statements is true about digitoxin?
A. Stimulates renin in the kidney
B. Decreases entrance of Na+ into the cell
C. Increases renal tubular reabsorption of Na+
D. Increase sympathetic outflow from CNS
B. Decreases entrance of Na+ into the cell
Side effects of digitalis include
A. heart arrythmia
B. GIT anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
C. Vagal and chemoreceptor stimulation
D. Disorientation hallucination, visual disturbances
E. AOTA
E
Therapeutic range of digitoxin
therapeutic range: 0.5- 2 ng/ml
Digoxin oral bioavailability
75%
Digoxin Volume of Distribution
6.3L/kg
Digoxin Half-life
40hrs
Digoxin Plasma Protein Binding
20-40%
Digoxin Percent Metabolized
40%
True about rational drug use
A. Optimization of THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY
B. AVOIDANCE and PREVENTION of toxicity
C. SOCIALLY-RESPONSIBLE prescribing behavior
D. AOTA
D
