E - Provisional Government Flashcards
Why did the 1917 Revolution break out?
rationing -> food cues -> food shortages, impact of WW2 -> blaming Nicholas and food shortages, existence of the Dumas = replacement available
What is the Provisional Government in simple terms?
formed during the February Revolution, made up of previously Duma members - seen as followers of the tsar. seen as illegitemate.
What were the members of the Prov. Gov like?
most came from the upper classes/landowners, members of different parties
What are some examples of the eight principles?
immediate freedom of speech, immediate amnesty, immediate abolition of religious, national or social privileges
What was the effect of the eight principles?
promoted national unity through freedom and attempting to please multiple groups of people. however it gave opposition many outlets to dissent as well as removing ways for the gov to control the public
What were the main issues facing the government?
debates about territorial vs defensive war, war in general, land for peasants immediately vs land redistribution through a system, national minorities, economy, social reform
Who were the members of the Soviet?
representation of soldiers and workers that helped achieve 1917 revolution + socialist intellectuals
How was the Soviet formed?
idea from the Mensheviks in order to legitimise the Prov Gov
What powers did the Soviet vs Prov Gov have?
the Prov Gov had de jure power due to the legal power they had, whereas the Soviet had de facto powers as they had control of factories, railways, army and communication
How did the Soviet help the Prov Gov?
gave them more legitimacy and allowed them to have more real authority
What was the significance of Order N1?
gave soldiers representation and control of their weapons, showcased the power of the Soviet, meant that PG had to get approval from the Soviet
Summarise the war as a problem for the PG.
Milynokov wanted territorial gains -> opposed by the socialists in the Soviet. Menshevik and SR association with the war, credibility of Kerensky flopped after failure of June Offensive, little choice but to continue the war due to dependence on the West
Summarise the land as a problem for the PG?
peasants wanted their land, PG needed constituent assembly and a framework of law, and so told peasants to essentially wait -> 237 cases of land seizures in July = resistance from peasants
Summarise the national minority as a problem for the PG?
Poland and Finland wanted independence and Ukraine wanted Self-governanceL animosity grew and socialists and liberals were divided
Summarise the economy as a problem for the PG?
food shortages, unemployment, high prices -> downward spiral
poor 1917 harvest + worker strikes
antagonism and hostility
