(e) Extraction and uses of metals

Question 1

What is an alloy?

Answer 1

A mixture of metal and one and or more elements, usually other metals or carbon

Question 2

Describe the detailed process of the extraction of aluminium?

Answer 2

Bauxite; aluminium oxide; molten cryolite; see equation and explaination on printed sheet

Question 3

Describe the detailed process of the extraction of iron?

Answer 3

Raw materials: Iron ore, coke, limestone, air; see diagram and equation on printed sheet

Question 4

The uses of aluminium and its important properties?

Answer 4

aeroplane bodies, power cables, window frames, food pots and pans

Question 5

The uses of steel, it’s component and important properties?

Answer 5

Low carbon steel (mild), high carbon steel and stainless steel

Question 6

Why and how is Iron converted into steel? What is used in the processes?

Answer 6

96%; too brittle; blast furnance; remove carbon; blow oxygen; carbon monoxide and CO2; escapes; vanadium, chromium

Question 7

How is copper extracted?

Answer 7

Chalcopyrite (copper pyrite); reduction; slag (removed); blast of air

Question 8

What is froth flotation and how it is used?

Answer 8

bind; hydrophobic; (pine oil); foaming agent; air; picked up; flows; stays

Question 9

What is the name of the main compound in rust?

Answer 9

iron (III) oxide

Question 10

2 half-equations of how zinc protects iron from rusting?

Answer 10

see paper 1 QP2 1(b)(ii)

Question 11

Chemical equation of how acid rain is formed from sulphur dioxide?

Answer 11

SO2 + H2O -> H2SO3

Question 12

What does something has to have in order to be a good conductor of electricity?

Answer 12

delocolised electrons that are able to move

Question 13

What does something has to have in order to be malleable?

Answer 13

layers of atom that could slide over each other

Question 14

How to conduct a titation?

Answer 14

1. Use a pipette and pipette filler to add 25 cm3 of alkali solution to a clean conical flask.
2. Add a few drops of a suitable indicator and put the conical flask on a white tile.
3. Fill the burette with dilute acid. Flush the tap through to remove any air bubbles. Ensure the burette is vertical.
4. Slowly add the acid from the burette to the conical flask, swirling to mix. (The mixture may at first change colour, and then back again when swirled.)
5. Stop adding the acid when the end-point is reached (when the colour first permanently changes). Note the final volume reading.
6. Repeat steps 1 to 5 until three results are repeatable (in close agreement). Ideally these should lie within 0.10 cm3 of each other.

Question 15

What element is used in bothe extraction of aluminium and iron? And why?

Answer 15

Carbon (black sollid); electrode

Question 16

Gaseous element used in the extraction of iron? And why?

Answer 16

Oxygen; production of heat

Question 17

Why is cryolite used in aluminium extraction?

Answer 17

As a solvent reduces some of the energy costs involved in extracting aluminium by allowing the ions in aluminium oxide to move freely at a lower temperature.

Question 18

Write the rationale of double displacement reaction and its rationale?

Answer 18

iron (II) sulphate + sodium hydroxide solution; A B + C D -> C B + A D

Question 19

Cations and anions?

Answer 19

C: positive ions, metal; A: negative ions, non-metal

Question 20

Does putting the apparatus in a warmer place make the reaction between oxygen and iron faster?

Answer 20

No you idiot! It only speeds up it. Oxygen’s reaction depends on the amount of iron, which does not change