Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiac > Dysrhythmias > Flashcards

Dysrhythmias Flashcards

0
Q

What is the P-R wave?

Normal timing for P-R?

A

PR is the electrical impulse traveling thru the AV node, bundle of His and purkinje fibers

Normal time is: .12-.20 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What does the P wave represent?

A

Atrial contraction

Is the SA to the AV time,P stimulates atrial depolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the QRS complex represent?

Normal timing?

A

QRS complex is ventricular contraction/depolarization

Timing: under 0.1 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is happening in the ST segment?

What is the normal height if the ST segment?

A

Ventricular resting

Normal is not elevated or depressed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the T wave represent?

A

Ventricular repolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How long is one small block on EKG?

A

Small block is 0.04 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many small blocks make up one large block?

What is the time of one large block?

A

5 small blocks make one large block

One large block = 0.20 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many large blocks make up one seconds on EKG paper?

A

5 large blocks = 1 second

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is the SA node located?

What is the SA node function?

A

SA node located junction of superior and inferior vena cava

Is pacemaker of heart, paces each beat, normally 60-100 bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the order of electrical charge thru heart?

A

AV … SA … Bundle of His … Purkinje fibers … Right and left bundle branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where do the purkinje fibers spread the impulse?

A

Thru ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happens to the ST segment during ischemia?

A

ST depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens to the ST segment with cardiac injury?

A

ST elevation = STEMI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens to the st segment with cardiac cell death?

A

Deep Q wave and inverted T waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 5 H’s of causes of cardiac dysthymia?

A 
Hypovolemic 
Hypoxia
Hydrogen ion (acidosis)
Hypo/hyperkalemia
Hypothermia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 5 T’s of casues of cardiac dysthymia?

A 
Tension pneumothorax
Tamponade
Toxins
Thrombosis- pulmonary
Thrombosis- coronary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In A-Fib, compare the apical and radial pulse

A

Apical- irregularly irregular

Radial- normal, sine that is the ventricular you are feeling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name 2 sinus dysthymias

Describe the rhythm and rate of each.

A

Sinus bradycardia- normal rhythm, slow rate. < 60bpm

Sinus tachycardia- normal rhythm, fast rate. >100bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What heart rate is associated with V tach?

A

Hr> 140 bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How do sodium channel blockers work?

A

Impair conduction of sodium across cell membrane.

Membrane stabilizers

Slow electrical conduction of the heart/atria/ventricles/His/Purkinje

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Name 3 sodium channel blockers

A

Procaineamide (pronestyl)
Lidocaine (xylocaine)
Propafernone (rythmol)

21
Q

When are sodium channel blockers used? What dysrhythmias?

A

V-tach—slows heart rate by blocking Na+ into cell

Procainamide and lidocaine

22
Q

Name a Potassium channel blocker medication.

How does it work?

What dysthymias is it used for?

A

K+ blocker= amiodarone

Delays repolarization, slows the heart rate

Used for A-fib … V-tach … Vfib

23
Q

What medication is used to treat bradycardia?

A

Atropine

24
Q

How do beta blockers work?

Name 2 beta blockers

A

Blocks the beta cells on heart (for epi and norepinephrine) to slow the heart rate

Metoprolol (lopressor)
Sotalol

25
Q

What dysthymias are metoprolol used to treat?

Sotalol?

A

Metoprolol used for A-fib, PVC’s, sinus tachycardia

Sotalol used for life threatening dysthymias

26
Q

How do calcium channel blockers work?

Name a calcium channel blocker

A

Block calcium from entering cell/ receptor sites and decreases the ability for muscle contraction

Ca++ blocker: diltiazem (Cardizem)

27
Q

What is adenosine used to treat?

A

Adenosine for v-tach

28
Q

During cardioversion, where is the shock timed on the EKG?

A

Synchronized with R wave

Must have R wave so can synchronize

Used for afib

29
Q

What dysrhythmias are defibrillation used for?

Is the shock synchronized during defibrillation?

A

Pulse less vtach and vfib

No synchronization

30
Q

What medications are used to treat sinus bradycardia?

A

Atropine- increased HR
Dopamine- low doses to control HR. (At high doses causes vaso constriction for hypotension)
Epi- causes vaso constriction to increase HR

31
Q

What class/medications are used to treat sinus tachycardia?

A

Beta Blockers- metoprolol (Lorpressor) and sotalol

Calcium Channel Blockers - diltiazem (Cardizem)

32
Q

What is the heart rate for controlled A-Fib?

Uncontrolled?

A

Controlled is 60-100 bpm

Uncontrolled is greater than 100bpm

33
Q

What is the treatment for unstable A-Fib?

A

Cardioversion- urgently

34
Q

What is the treatment for controlled or stable A-Fib?

A

Meds- beat blocker metoprolol
Anticoagulants x 6 weeks

Elective synchronized cardioversion

35
Q

What is a common cause of PVCs?

A

Hypoxia

36
Q

Medications to treat sinus bradycardia…

A

Atropine

Dopamine

Epi

37
Q

Why transcutaneous pacing used for sinus bradycardia?

A

Pacing keeps HR up. Shocks to keep HR above specific level

38
Q

What medications to treat sinus tachycardia?

A

Beta blockers

Calcium channel blocker

39
Q

What electrical treatment is used to treat sinus tachycardia?

A

None, normal rhythm, just fast need to slow with BB or CCB

40
Q

What is the defining characteristic of a fib on EKG?

A

No distinct P waves

41
Q

When do PCV’s become significant?

A

If exceed 6 per minute
Occurs in consecutive manner or pairs
Occurs on t wave of preceding complex as sign of irritability and may lead to v-tachycardia

42
Q

What medications used to treat PVC’s?

A

First that underlying cause- hypoxia/stress/Hypokalemia

Symptomatic: BB
If occurs with MI: 02 and amiodarone

43
Q

When is an ICD used and when is a pacemakers used?

A

ICD for v tach/ v- fib

Pacemaker for sinus bradycardia

44
Q

What is capture?

A

Depolarization seen on monitor after pacemaker fire and causes spike

45
Q

If patient pulse less and in vtach, what is the protocol?

A 
Call code
Start CPR
Attached defibrillator 
Shock if shockable rhythm 
CPR x 2 minutes
IV Epi q 3-5 minutes 
Check for shockable  rhythm 
CPR x 2 minutes
IV amiodarone 
Treat reversible causes
Continue
46
Q

Mitral valve stenosis is associated with what ?

A

Rheumatic carditis

Valve thickens, leaflets fuse and become stiff and calcification occurs

47
Q

Mitral valve stenosis causes —–side heart failure.

Symptoms seen?

A

Right sided heart failure first

Dyspnea and pulmonary congestion

48
Q

How does body compensate for mitral valve regurgitation?

A

Left ventricular and atrium dilate and hypertrophy due to excess fluid that falls back into each chamber

49
Q

What is aortic stenosis?

How does it affect ️CO?

A

Narrowing of the aortic valve

Narrowing is self limiting and ️CO amount becomes fixed and can’t increase when they body needs extra–ie on exertion

50
Q

What type of valve is used for aortic valve replacement?

A

Synergic only 2* to the high pressure of the aortic valve

Cardiac (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions