DYSPNEA

Question 1

Better predictor of outcome in COPD between dyspnea & FEV1

Answer 1

DYSPNEA

Question 2

Peripheral chemo receptors are

Answer 2

Carotid body

aortic arch

Question 3

Central chemoreceptors

Answer 3

Medulla @

Question 4

Mechanoreceptors for airway

Answer 4

@upper airway stretch, irritant & j receptors

Chest wall muscle spindle & tendon organ

stimulation of mechanoreceptors cause symptom of chest tightness & decreased compliance

Question 5

Metabreceptor for pull. Function

Answer 5

Skeletal muscles

Question 6

Mechanism of dyspnes

Answer 6

Afferent - Efferent mismatch

Question 7

Air hunger mechanism

Answer 7

Increased drive
Hypoxemia & Hypercapnia (by chemoreceptors @ periphery )
Acute hypercapnia & acidemia ( by chemorecepton, peripheral &central)

Airway & interstitial inflammation (by pulmonary afferents)

Pulmonary vascular receptors

Question 8

Symptom associated with chest tighten

Answer 8

Inability to deep breathe

May suggest dynamic hyperinflation of COPD

Question 9

Onthopnea causes

Answer 9

CHF,
mechanical impairment of the diaphragm associated with
obesity, or asthma triggered by esophageal reflux.

Question 10

Nocturnal dyspnea mechanism

Answer 10

CHF or

asthma

Question 11

Acute, intermittent episodes of dyspnea causes

Answer 11

myocardial ischemia,
bronchospasm, or
pulmonary embolism,

Question 12

chronic persistent dyspnea causes

Answer 12

COPD,
interstitial lung disease, and
chronic thromboembolic disease

Question 13

Definition & cause of PLATYPNEA

Answer 13

dyspnea in the upright position with relief in the supine position :

Left atrial myxoma or
hepatopulmonary syndrome