[13] Common Pulmonary Clinical Syndromes II: Dyspnea and Cyanosis Flashcards
[MRC Dyspnea Scale Grade]
“I only get breathless with strenuous exercise”
Grade 0
[MRC Dyspnea Scale Grade]
“I stop for breath after walking about 100 yards or after a few minutes on the level”
Grade 3
[MRC Dyspnea Scale Grade]
“I get short of breath when hurrying on the level or walking up a slight hill”
Grade 1
[MRC Dyspnea Scale Grade]
“I walk slower than people of the same age on the level because of breathlessness or have to stop for breath when walking at my own pace on the level”
Grade 2
[MRC Dyspnea Scale Grade]
“I am too breathless to leave the house” or “I am breathless when dressing”
Grade 4
Normal RR
12-16 BPM
Normal MV
5 L/minute
Normal TV
400-800 mL
What kind of breathing will help patients with lung compliance?
Rapid, shallow breathing
What kind of breathing will help patients with airway resistance?
Slow, deep breathing
When does Dynamic Hyperinflation occur?
When duration of expiration is insufficient to allow lungs to deflate to relaxation volume before next inspiration
Described as Deep, Rapid Respiration
Kussmaul Breathing
Described as Regularly, Irregular with progressive increase in depth and sometimes frequency in crescendo-decresendo manner; ends in apnea
Cheyne-Stokes Breathing
Described as succession of hyperpnea, hyperventilation, apnea; not regular, no crescendo-decrescendo
Biot’s Breathing Pattern
Described as deep inspiration-breath-holding-rapid exhalation
Apneustic Breathing Pattern
Described as very rapid, very deep inspirations
Central Hyperventilation Breathing Pattern
Described as continuous irregular shifts of hyperventilation, hypoventilation and apnea in no particular succession
Ataxic (Agonal) Breathing Pattern
Amount of Reduced Hb or Abnormal Derivatives should be greater than how much to define Cyanosis?
> 3-5g/dL
Is it easier to detect cyanosis in patients with anemia or polycythemia?
Polycythemia, the larger amounts of hemoglobin allow easier detection
[Central Cyanosis vs. Peripheral Cyanosis]
Sites
C: Tongue, Oral Cavity
P: Nailbeds
[Central Cyanosis vs. Peripheral Cyanosis]
Warmth of Extremities
C: Warm
P: Cold
[Central Cyanosis vs. Peripheral Cyanosis]
Application of Pure CO2
C: May Improve
P: No Reponse
[Central Cyanosis vs. Peripheral Cyanosis]
Dyspnea
C: Breathless
P: No respiratory symptoms
[Central Cyanosis vs. Peripheral Cyanosis]
Clubbing, Polycythemia
C: Usually present
P: Absent
