[13] Common Pulmonary Clinical Syndromes II: Dyspnea and Cyanosis

Question 1

[MRC Dyspnea Scale Grade]

“I only get breathless with strenuous exercise”

Answer 1

Grade 0

Question 2

[MRC Dyspnea Scale Grade]

“I stop for breath after walking about 100 yards or after a few minutes on the level”

Answer 2

Grade 3

Question 3

[MRC Dyspnea Scale Grade]

“I get short of breath when hurrying on the level or walking up a slight hill”

Answer 3

Grade 1

Question 4

[MRC Dyspnea Scale Grade]

“I walk slower than people of the same age on the level because of breathlessness or have to stop for breath when walking at my own pace on the level”

Answer 4

Grade 2

Question 5

[MRC Dyspnea Scale Grade]

“I am too breathless to leave the house” or “I am breathless when dressing”

Answer 5

Grade 4

Question 6

Normal RR

Answer 6

12-16 BPM

Question 7

Normal MV

Answer 7

5 L/minute

Question 8

Normal TV

Answer 8

400-800 mL

Question 9

What kind of breathing will help patients with lung compliance?

Answer 9

Rapid, shallow breathing

Question 10

What kind of breathing will help patients with airway resistance?

Answer 10

Slow, deep breathing

Question 11

When does Dynamic Hyperinflation occur?

Answer 11

When duration of expiration is insufficient to allow lungs to deflate to relaxation volume before next inspiration

Question 12

Described as Deep, Rapid Respiration

Answer 12

Kussmaul Breathing

Question 13

Described as Regularly, Irregular with progressive increase in depth and sometimes frequency in crescendo-decresendo manner; ends in apnea

Answer 13

Cheyne-Stokes Breathing

Question 14

Described as succession of hyperpnea, hyperventilation, apnea; not regular, no crescendo-decrescendo

Answer 14

Biot’s Breathing Pattern

Question 15

Described as deep inspiration-breath-holding-rapid exhalation

Answer 15

Apneustic Breathing Pattern

Question 16

Described as very rapid, very deep inspirations

Answer 16

Central Hyperventilation Breathing Pattern

Question 17

Described as continuous irregular shifts of hyperventilation, hypoventilation and apnea in no particular succession

Answer 17

Ataxic (Agonal) Breathing Pattern

Question 18

Amount of Reduced Hb or Abnormal Derivatives should be greater than how much to define Cyanosis?

Answer 18

> 3-5g/dL

Question 19

Is it easier to detect cyanosis in patients with anemia or polycythemia?

Answer 19

Polycythemia, the larger amounts of hemoglobin allow easier detection

Question 20

[Central Cyanosis vs. Peripheral Cyanosis]

Sites

Answer 20

C: Tongue, Oral Cavity

P: Nailbeds

Question 21

[Central Cyanosis vs. Peripheral Cyanosis]

Warmth of Extremities

Answer 21

C: Warm

P: Cold

Question 22

[Central Cyanosis vs. Peripheral Cyanosis]

Application of Pure CO2

Answer 22

C: May Improve

P: No Reponse

Question 23

[Central Cyanosis vs. Peripheral Cyanosis]

Dyspnea

Answer 23

C: Breathless

P: No respiratory symptoms

Question 24

[Central Cyanosis vs. Peripheral Cyanosis]

Clubbing, Polycythemia

Answer 24

C: Usually present

P: Absent

Question 25

Effect of Massage, Warmth, and Cold on Peripheral Cyanosis

Answer 25

Massage: Cyanosis Fades

Warmth: Cyanosis Fades

Cold: Cyanosis Increases