Dyspnea Flashcards
Pulmonary Causes
Asthma, COPD, emphysema, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, lung cancer
Cardiac Causes
Congestive heart failure, Cardiac tamponade, MI, Valvular heart disease, Arrhythmia, Cardiomyopathy
Other Causes
Anemia
Wheezing, persistent cough, mucous production, chest tightness (tachycardia, tachypnea, chest X-ray, allergy testing)
Asthma (obstructive disease)
Brought about by smoking, dyspnea esp. on exertion, productive cough for 3 or more months a year for more than 2 years, wheezing and crackles, prolonged expiration, pursed lip breathing, skin cyanosis, hemoptysis (Chest X-ray, arterial blood gas)
Chronic Bronchitis (obstructive disease)
Smoking, dyspnea, mild cough, fatigue, hyperventilation, pink puffers (non-cyanotic), barrel chest (Chest X–Ray, pulmonary function tests, arterial blood gas)
Emphysema (obstructive disease)
Fever, purulent, yellow-green productive cough, dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, crackles/rales, wheezing (chest x-ray, sputum cultures)
Pneumonia
Dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, cough, hemoptysis, syncope, tachycardia (Chest CT, ECG)
Pulmonary Embolism
Smoking, cough, wheezing, unintentional weight loss, hemoptysis, chest pain, dyspnea, hoarseness
Lung cancer
Dyspnea upon exertion, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, fatigue, lung congestion, JVD, edema, rales, ascites (Chest X-Ray, ECG)
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
Chest pain, fatigue, muffled heart sound, JVD, hypotension, short of breath, tachycardia, cold extremities (Echo, Chest CT, ECG)
Cardiac tamponade
Dyspnea upon exertion, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, fatigue, lung congestion, S3 sound, systolic murmur, ascites (Radiograph, Echo)
Cardiomyopathy
Squeezing chest pain w/ radiation to neck and shoulder, dyspnea, sweating, nausea (ECG, angiography)
MI
Loud crescendo-decrescendo
Aortic stenosis
High-pitched holosystolic
Mitral regurgitation
