Dysphagia Flashcards
What is dysphagia
Difficulty swallowing
Dysphagia can be classified into which two groups?
Oropharyngeal Dysphagia
Oesophageal Dysphagia
What is the difference between oropharyngeal and oesophageal dysphagia?
Oropharyngeal dysphagia causes difficulty in initiating swallowing, while oesophageal dysphagia causes obstruction in the lumen /affects motility.
What are the symptoms/signs or oropharngeal dysphagia
chocking, tracheal aspiration, nasal regurgitation
What are the symptoms/ signs of oesophageal dysphagia?
- Food “sticking” after swallowing
List 3 causes of Oropharyngeal dysphagia
- Bulbar Palsy
- Psuedobulbar Palsy
- Myasthenia Gravis
List 3 categories of oesophageal dysphagia
Stricture
Oesophagitis
Dysmotility
List one type of dysmotility that can cause dysphagia
- achalasia
List three causes of oesophagitis that can cause Oesophageal Dysphagia
- Candidiasis
- Eosinophillic Oesophagitis
- Peptic
List 4 benign causes of oesophagel dysphagia that causes strictures
Peptic
Eosinophillic Oesophagitis
Fibrous Rings
Drug: Bisphosphonates
List 3 malignant causes of oesophageal dysphagia that causes strictures
Esophageal carcinoma
Gastric Carcinoma
Extrinsic compression
What is the 1st line investigation for Dysphagia?
Upper GI endoscopy +/- biopsy
List 4 Investigations done to diagnose the cause of dysphagia
Upper GI Endoscopy
Barium Swallow
Video Fluoroscopy
Oesophageal Manometry
What is the treatment for oesophagitis
- If the cause is infective, treat the infectious cause
- PPI
What is the treatment for oesophageal spasm
- CCB
- Botox
