Dysphagia

Question 1

What’s dysphasia?

Answer 1

Difficulty in swallowing

Question 2

phases of swallowing ?

Answer 2

1-oral phase (mouth)>paralysis tongue,uvula issues
2-pharyngeal phase (throat)
3-esophageal phase (food tube)>GERD

Question 3

Oropharyngeal dysphagia?

Answer 3

(aspiration, fluid regurgitation into the nose);
bulbar or pseudobulbar palsy, myasthenia gravis.

Question 4

Esophageal dysphagia?

Answer 4

1-Intrinsic esophageal causes;
• Reflux oesophagitis with stricture formation(GERD long history)
• Carcinoma of the esophagus (solids only) ?? history??
• Esophageal web, ring, pouch
2- Extrinsic esophageal: Goiter, mediastinal tumors.
3-Motility disorders: (Solids and liquids)
achalasia, diffuse esophageal spasm.

Question 5

What to ask ?

Answer 5

• Onset , duration, course ? (progressively worse- cancer or a stricture)
• Swallowing solids or liquids, or both?
• Is it painful to swallow (odynophagia)? (esophageal Candidiasis,esophageal ulcer).
• Any heartburn or acid regurgitation? (Yes suggests GERD) • losing weight? (Worry about cancer)