Dyslipidemia

Question 1

What is Dyslipidemia

Answer 1

-An abnormality in lipoprotein metabolism
-high cholesterol

Question 2

Results of Dyslipidemia

Answer 2

-low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol
-total cholesterol (TC)
-triglycerides (TG)
-reduce high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels
-increase serum concentration of TC, LDL and TG

Question 3

What is the other name of HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors ?

Answer 3

Statins

Question 4

Examples of Statins and how does it work ?

Answer 4

Eg:
•atrovastatin
•simvastatin
•pravastatin

-to inhibit the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme which is key to cholesterol biosynthesis
-decrease in the internal produc5ion of cholesterol particularly (LDL)

Question 5

What do Bile Acid Sequestrants do ?

Answer 5

To lower the cholesterol level in the bloodstream

Question 6

What do inhibitor of cholesterol absorption do ?

Answer 6

Block the absorption of cholesterol from the small intestine and lead to reduction in the amount of cholesterol that enters the bloodstream

Question 7

What do fibrates do ?

Answer 7

-Primarily lower triglycerides and increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
-activate lipoprotein lipase which increase breakdown of triglycerides in blood

Question 8

Signs and symptoms of Dyslipidemia

Answer 8

-stroke
-coronary heart disease
-peripheral arterial disease

Question 9

Give 5 causes of Dyslipidemia

Answer 9

-genetic disorders
-diabetes
-naphrotic syndrome
-hypothyroidism
-hypertension

Question 10

Give 3 Types of cholesterol

Answer 10

-high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
-low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
-triglycerides (TG)

Question 11

What are the functions of HDL ?

Answer 11

-good cholesterol
-carries cholesterol away from the cells and back to the liver
-broken down or passed out of the body as a waste

Question 12

Functions of LDL

Answer 12

-bad cholesterol
-carries cholesterol to the cells by the bloodstream
-it can build up in artery walls leading to formation of atherosclerosis plaque (if cholesterol is many in bloodstream)

Question 13

Functions of TG

Answer 13

-a lipid that stores unused calories
-provides energy to the body
-converts any calories that is not needed to use right away to triglycerides

Question 14

How to test cholesterol and triglycerides levels ?

Answer 14

Blood test

Question 15

What are statins used for ?

Answer 15

To inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase

Question 16

Give examples of statins and it’s side effects

Answer 16

Eg:
•atrovastatin
•rosuvastatin
•simvastatin

Side effects:
-myopathy
-myalgia
-diabetes mellitus

Question 17

Uses of cholesterol absorption inhibitors

Answer 17

To inhibit absorption of cholesterol by the sterol transporter

Question 18

What are the side effects and example of cholesterol absorption inhibitors

Answer 18

Side effects:
-headache
-abdominal pain
-diarrhoea
-fatigue
-chest pain

Eg:
-ezetimibe

Question 19

Give alternatives to reduce cholesterol

Answer 19

-eat a low-fat, trans-fat-free, cholesterol-free diet
-get regular exercise
-manage weight
-don’t smoke