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Pharmacology II > Dyslipidemia > Flashcards

Dyslipidemia Flashcards

1
Q

Are lipids soluble in plasma?

A

No

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2
Q

Lipoproteins’ responsibilities

A

Carrying lipids to various tissues for energy utilization, lipid deposition, steroid hormone production, and bile acid formation.

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3
Q

Elevations in any lipoprotein species is

A

hyperlipidemia

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4
Q

Increased levels of triglycerides

A

hyperlipemia

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5
Q

hyperlipidemia is also known as

A

hyperlipoproteinemia

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6
Q

What makes up the lipoprotein lipophilic core?

A

esterified cholesterol and triglycerides.

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7
Q

What is the structure of lipoproteins?

A

Lipophilic core.
Outer layer.
Apolipoproteins (apoproteins)

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8
Q

What makes up the lipoprotein outer layer?

A

phospholipids and unesterified cholesterol

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9
Q

What do apolipoproteins do?

A

Determine lipoprotein function - classifies proteins

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10
Q

5 classifications of lipoproteins

A
  1. Chylomicrons
  2. Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)
  3. Intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL)
  4. Low density lipoprotein (LDL)
  5. High density lipoprotein (HDL)
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11
Q

very large particles that carry dietary lipids

A

chylomicrons

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12
Q

carries triglycerides adn to a lesser degree cholesterol

A

very low density lipoprotein

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13
Q

carries cholesterol esters and triglycerides

A

intermediate density lipoprotein

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14
Q

carries cholesterol esters

A

low density lipoprotein

high density lipoprotein

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15
Q

Chylomicrons apoproteins

A 
A-I
A-II
A-IV
B-48
C-I
C-II
C-II
EI
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16
Q

VLDL apoproteins

A 
B-100
C-I
C-II
C-III
E
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17
Q

IDL apoproteins

A

B-100
C-III
E

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18
Q

LDL apoproteins

A

B-100

C-III

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19
Q

HDL apoproteins

A 
A-I
A-II
C-I
C-II
C-III
D
E
20
Q

What are the functions of apoproteins?

A

B-100 and B48 convey lipids into the tissue and artery wall (VLDL, IDL, LDL, AND CHYLOMICRONS)

Plaque formation leading to atherosclerosis.

21
Q

functions of HDLs

A

“scavengers”
acquire and transport cholesterol from atherosclerotic plaques and peripheral tissues to the liver (reverse cholesterol transport).

Elevated HDL reduces the risk of CHD.

22
Q

What is the leading cause of death in the US?

A

atherosclerosis

23
Q

What is considered high cholesterol?

A

> or equal to 240 mg/dL

24
Q

What percentage of patients with elevated cholesterol are receiving pharmacotherapy?

A

<50%

25
Q

What percent of US adults have high cholesterol?

A

16.3%

26
Q

What percent of US adults have TC>200 mg/dL?

A

50%

27
Q

How often should a healthy adults over the age of 20 receive lipid panels?

A

Every 5 years.

28
Q

When should a lipid panel be obtained?

A

After a 9-12 hour fast.

29
Q

What does a lipid panel measure?

A

Total Cholesterol
Triglycerides
HDL

30
Q

What cholesterol must be calculated from the lipid panel?

A

VLDL

LDL

31
Q

Formula for VLDL

A

VLDL=Triglycerides/5

32
Q

Formula for LDL

A

LDL = TC - (HDL+VLDL)

33
Q

Primary “familial” hyperlipidemia causes

A 
Lipid metabolism defect
Fredrickson Classification (Type I-V)
34
Q

Secondary “acquired” hyperlipidemia causes

A 
Diabetes
Hypothyroidism
Renal failure
Obstructive liver disease
Drug induced
35
Q

Drugs that induce hyperlipidemia

A 
Anabolic steroids
Retinoids
Birth control pills and estrogens
Corticosteroids
Thiazide diuretics
Protease inhibitors
Beta-blockers
36
Q

ATP III Classification of LDL

A

or equal to 190 = very high

37
Q

ATP III Classification of TC

A

or equal to 240 = very high

38
Q

ATP III Classification of HDL

A

or equal to 60 = high

39
Q

Identifying CHD risk

A 
Does the patient have:
clinical CHD?
symptomatic CAD?
PAD?
abdominal aortic aneurysm?
diabetes?
40
Q

Major risk factors that modify LDL goals

A

cigarette smoking
HTN (BP > or equal to 140/90 mmHg or an antiHTN medication)
Low HDL (45 men; >55 women)

41
Q

When do you calculate the Framingham score?

A

CHD or CHD risk equivalent or 2+ risk factors without CHD risk

42
Q

What is needed to calculate Framingham risk score?

A 
Age
TC
Smoking status
HDL
SBP
43
Q

Framingham Risk Score calssifications

A

10- year risk

Low Risk 20%

44
Q

What do the risk categories indicate?

A

LDL goal of therapy
Need for therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC)
Level for drug consideration

45
Q

How is Non-HDL cholesterol calculated?

A

Non-HDL cholesterol = TC-HDL

Pharmacology II (9 decks)

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