Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Dyslipidemia > Flashcards

Dyslipidemia Flashcards

1
Q

Lipoproteins

A

Chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL and HDL

  • Chylomicrons & VLDL: triglyceride rich
  • LDL is cholesterol rich
  • HDL is protein rich
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Chylomicrons

A

Contain large amount of lipid and very little protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

HDL

A

More protein and small amount of lipid (good lipid)

  • Picks up extra cholesterol from tissue
  • helps remove LDL preventing it from building up in arteries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lipoproteins

A

Are large carriers proteins to help transport (water soluble)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Etiology

A
  • Two types: Primary/Familial or secondary
  • Primary/Familial: genetic defect that can cause increase or decrease in lipoproteins.
  • Secondary: Diet, drugs, disorder, disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ASVCD Risk

A
  • LDL: Dominant atherogenic cholesterol, delivers cholesterol to the cells
  • VLDL: Main carrier of TG to the cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Statin Benefit Groups

A
  • clinical ASCVD, LDL-c >190mg/dL
  • Diabetes, age 40-75 with LDL-C 70-189
  • Primary prevention-no ascvd or diabetes with LDL-C 70-189 mg/dL and 10 yr ASCVD risk >7.5%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Total cholesterol

A

measures the combination of LDL, HDL and VLDL (VLDL is a precursor of LDL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

LDL

A

Low density lipoproteins

  • Most of the cholesterol in the blood is carried by LDL
  • LDL combines with other substances clogging arteries
  • High saturated fat and trans fat diets increase LDL cholesterol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

LDL score

A

-For most people, an LDL score below 100 is healthy, but people with heart disease may need to aim lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Total Cholesterol Score

A

-Score of under 200 is considered healthy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

HDL score

A

higher the level of HDL cholesterol the better. Too little-more likely to develop heart disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Triglycerides

A
  • Body converts excess calories, sugar, and alcohol into triglycerides
  • Causes of high triglycerides
  • -Obesity
  • -smoking
  • -physical inactivity
  • -drugs (steroids, protease inhibitors, estrogen)
  • genetics
  • excess alcohol
  • high carb diets
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Triglyceride Scores

A

Normal <150 mg/dL
Borderline high 150-199
High 200-499
Very high >500

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Very high trigylcerides

A

turns first to prevention of acute pancreatitis, more likely to occur when triglycerides are >1000 mg/dL.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Triglyceride lowering agents

A
  • Fibrate or nicotinic acid

- First line therapy: although statins can be used to lower LDL cholesterol to reach the LDL goal

17
Q

Priorities for tx of diabetic dyslipidemia:

1. LDL cholesterol lowering

A
  • Lifestyle interventions
  • HMG CoA reductase inhibitor (statin)
    others:
  • -Bile acid binding resin (resin), cholesterol absorption inhibitor, fenofibrate or niacin
18
Q

Priorities for tx of diabetic dyslipidemia:

2. HDL cholesterol raising

A
  • Lifestyle modifcations

- Nicotinic acid or fibrates

19
Q

Priorities for tx of diabetic dyslipidemia:

3. Triglyceride lowering

A
  • Lifestyle modifcations
  • Glycemic control
  • fibric acid derivative
  • Niacin
  • High dose statins
20
Q

Priorities for tx of diabetic dyslipidemia:

4. Combined hyperlipidemia

A
  • First choice (improved glycemic control plus high dose statin)
  • Second choice (improved glycemic control plus statin plus fibric acid derivative)
  • Third choice (improved glycemic control plus statin plus nicotinic acid)
21
Q

Non-Statins

A
  • Cholesterol absorption inhibitor (Ezetimibe)
  • Bile acid sequestrants
  • PCSK9 inhibitors
  • Nicotinic acid (niacin) (trig lowering)
  • Fibric acid derivatives (trig lowering)
22
Q

Statin drugs

A 
Atorvastatin
Fluvastatin
Lovastatin
Pravastatin
Rosuvastatin
Simvastatin
23
Q

Statins

A
  • Drug of choice for elevated LDL
  • Prevents cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events
  • Contraindicated in active or chronic liver disease, pregnancy, and lactation
  • Adverse effects include myopathy and increase in liver transaminases
24
Q

Side effects of Statin Therapy

A

-Myalgias, myopathy and rhabdomyolysis
-Elevated creatine kinase (CK) levels may indicate statin-induced muscle damage (myopathy/rhabdo)
-Muscle weakness/pain without CK elevation
may indicate statin-induced muscle damage (myalgias)

25
Q

Ezetimibe

A
  • Non-statin
  • Safe and effective adjunct to statins when further LDL lowering is required
  • Contraindicated in patients with active liver disease or unexplained persistent transaminase elevations
  • Adverse effects include GI complaints
26
Q

PCSK9 Inhibitors

A
  • Evolocumab (Repatha) & Alirocumab (Praluent)
  • Lowers LDL
  • Expensive
  • Injectable monoclonal antibody
  • High risk prevention secondary prevention of ASCVD
  • Familial hypercholesterolemia
27
Q

Niacin

A

Non statin
-Uniquely effective in atherogenic dyslipidemia
Useful in nearly all dyslipidemias and adjunctive therapy for mixed dyslipidemias
Contraindicated in chronic liver disease, severe gout, active peptic ulcer disease
Adverse effects: flushing, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, hepatotoxicity

28
Q

Bile Acid Sequestrants

A
  • Non-statin
  • Colesevelam, cholestyramine, colestipol
  • Indicated for moderate hypercholesterolemia, in younger patients with elevated LDL, and women with elevated LDL who are considering pregnancy
  • Adverse effects include constipation, flatulence and decreased absorption of other drugs like digoxin, warfarin, HCTZ, beta blockers, thyroxine and penicillin G
29
Q

Fibrates

A
  • Non-statin
  • Gemfibrozil, Fenofibrate, Clofibrate
  • Indications: hypertriglyceridemia, atherogenic dyslipidemia
  • Contraindications: severe hepatic or renal dysfunction, primary biliary cirrhosis and gall bladder disease
30
Q

Fibrate Safety

A

Before initiation check serum creatinine; impaired renal function is present, prescribe gemfibrozil (unless taking a statin), or a lower starting dose of fenofibrate (48 mg is most commonly available). Routine monitoring of creatinine is not required.

31
Q

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

A

Fish oils

-Major use: Hypertriglyceridemia greater than 500

32
Q

Key concepts

A

-First-line therapy: therapeutic lifestyle changes
-Statins are drug of choice for first line treatment due to potency and cost-effectiveness.
Non-statins, which include cholesterol absorption inhibitors, niacin, bile acid sequestrants, fibrates, and omega-3 fatty acids, probably help improve patient outcomes, although strong evidence remains lacking.
Triglycerides are now considered an independent risk factor ASCVD.

Pharmacology (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions