Dyslipidaemia Flashcards

1
Q

What is dyslipidaemia?

A

Abnormal concentration of lipids in the blood

high LDL, low HDL

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2
Q

What is hyperlipidaemia?

A

elevated blood lipid levels (total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides)
e.g. hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia

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3
Q

List secondary causes of dyslipidaemia

A

Medical conditions: hypothyroidism, Cholestatic liver disease, Cushing’s syndrome, diabetes mellitus, Nephrotic syndrome
Drugs: thiazide diuretics, glucocorticoids, B-blockers, cOCP, atypical antipsychotics,
Pregnancy.
Obesity.
Alcohol abuse
Physical inactivity

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4
Q

Describe the pathophysiology of dyslipidaemia

A

Elevated LDL + reduced HDL promotes atherosclerosis, increases risk of cardiovascular events

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5
Q

List 3 primary causes of dyslipidaemia

A

Familial dyslipidaemias.
Familial hypercholesterolaemia
Familial combined hyperlipidaemia.

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6
Q

Describe presentation of dyslipidaemia

A

Asymptomatic

Identified at routine screening

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7
Q

List 3 signs of hyperlipidaemia

A
Xanthelasma
Corneal arcus (in <50s)
Tendon xanthomata
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8
Q

What diagnostic test is used for dyslipidaemia?

A

Fasting lipid profile : Total cholesterol, HDL, + triglycerides
LDL > 130 mg/dL. +/or HDL levels < 40 mg/dL.

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9
Q

What 4 other bloods are taken in dyslipidaemia? Why?

A
Fasting blood glucose level or HbA1c: DM
TSH level: hypothyroidism
Liver function tests: liver disease
Urine analysis: nephrotic syndrome
To identify an underlying cause
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10
Q

What is assessed on diagnosis of dyslipidaemia?

A

Assess for cardiovascular disease (MI, stroke)

Assess for major risk factors for CVD (smoking, HTN)

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11
Q

Describe the management of dyslipidaemia

A

Conservative: reduce sat fat, lose weight, increase exercise
Pharmacological: statins

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12
Q

List 3 complications of dyslipidaemia

A

MI
CHD
Very severe hypertriglyceridaemia= RF for pancreatitis.

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13
Q

What drugs interact with statins and increase risk of rhabdomyolysis?

A

Macrolides: Erythromycin, Clarithromycin
(inhibit P450 metabolism of statins)

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