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Clinical Methods Module 3 > Dysarthria & Voice Disorders > Flashcards

Dysarthria & Voice Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are examples of Organic Problems that cause voice disorders?

A

Structural (tumor, cleft palate)

Neurogenic (stroke)

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2
Q

What causes a functional voice disorder?

A

Muscle overuse/ misuse (vocal abuse)

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3
Q

What does iatrogenic mean?

A

Resulting from medications or medical procedures (unusual, but shouldn’t be forgotten)

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4
Q

What does idiopathic mean?

A

We don’t know what the cause is.

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5
Q

What 5 areas do we base a voice evaluation on?

A 
Quality
Pitch 
Loudness 
Pain/Discomfort 
Fatigue
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6
Q

What other information is gathered in an initial evaluation of a voice client?

A 
Case History 
Evaluation of Structure 
Evaluation of Function 
Quality of Life Assessment 
Endoscopic Evaluation
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7
Q

What are 4 rehabilitative Interventions for Voice?

A

Vocal Function Exercises
Lee Silverman Voice Therapy
Laryngeal Manipulation (physical therapy for the voice’)
Resonant Voice Therapy

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8
Q

A group of disorders characterized by impaired ability to execute motor movement

A

Dysarthrias

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9
Q

Apraxia or Dysarthria: Artic good for automatic speech

A

Apraxia

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10
Q

Apraxia or Dysarthria: Error predictable and consistent

A

Dysarthria

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11
Q

Apraxia or Dysarthria: Visible groping postures

A

Apraxia

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12
Q

Apraxia or Dysarthira: Difficulty initiating speech

A

Apraxia

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13
Q

Apraxia or Dysarthria: Deficits involve respiration, phonation, artic, prosody, resonance

A

Dysarthria

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14
Q

Apraxia or Dysarthria: Difficulty with Imitation

A

Apraxia

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15
Q

A deficit in the planning and sequencing of movement required for production of speech

A

Apraxia

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16
Q

What is the goal for treatment of Dysarthrias?

A

Improve intelligibility of speech and, if possible, speech motor control

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17
Q

What are different ways Dysarthrias are treated?

A

Behavior Modification
Prosthetic Devices (palatal lift)
Medical and Surgical Procedures
Augmentative/Alternative Devices

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18
Q

What are the subsystems that might be affected with dysarthrias?

A 
Respiratory (breath control) 
Phonatory (vocal chords, larynx)
Resonance 
Articulatory 
Prosodic
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19
Q

What is the goal when treating Apraxia?

A

Increase control over articulatory movements

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20
Q

A voice disorder may involve any of what three voice features?

A

Pitch
Loudness
Quality

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21
Q

What is the prevalence of voice disorders?

A

6-10%

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22
Q

A change in the size of the vocal folds changes what aspect of voice?

A

Pitch (frequency of vibration)

23
Q

An increase in air pressure from the lungs and a change in the manner of vocal fold vibration changes what aspect of speech?

A

Loudness (amplitude)

24
Q

The complexity and special characteristics of voice, affected by the glottal pulse, is referred to as what?

A

Voice Quality

25
What are some non-organic voice problems (functional)?
Aphonia Vocal Abuse Psychogenic Factors causing faulty voice
26
What are some voice problems related to organic factors?
Laryngitis, tumors, paralysis, edema,. vocal fold webbing, granulomas, papilloma (most organic problems alter the mass of the vocal folds or affect larynx or vocal tract.)
27
What is the first thing a clinician should do when a client comes in complaining of their voice not being quite right?
Refer to ENT for endoscopy
28
Medical treatment is NEVER initiated until after medical ______________ of the _____________.
evaluation; larynx
29
What are the three areas for intervention for voice disorders?
Medical (refer!) Environmental (modify surroundings) Behavioral (modify symptoms with therapies)
30
What is edema and what might it be caused by in the vocal mechanism?
Swelling, fluid in the tissues. | Caused by a number of thing, ie., vocal misuse, localized diseases, allergies, smoking, etc.
31
Infection that causes the vocal chords to become inflamed and immobile. No treatment other than "wait it out"
Laryngitis
32
What is GERD? What might it cause?
Gastro-Esophageal Reflux. It can adversely affect the voice when acid from stomach spills onto the larynx and pharynx.
33
What are polyps?
Benign lesions that can impede vocal contact
34
What are nodules?
Callous-like formations on the point of the vocal folds where the hardest "strike" occurs. Also called "singer's nodes" or "screamer's nodes"
35
What is a Papilloma?
Benign, translucent lesion on vocal folds that affects vocal fold function. No cure, but can be removed.
36
A child who sounds really hoarse may have this type of lesion on the vocal folds.
Papilloma
37
What is Webbing?
Mucous membrane that transverses glottis and can compromise airway. Surgery required.
38
What is a Psychogenic Voice Disorder?
A disorder that results from emotional or mental factors such as anxiety, depression, personality disturbances. Physiological changes in the larynx may persist.
39
What are two primary example of Psychogenic Voice Disorders?
Conversion Dysphonia | Mutational Falsetto
40
This psychogenic disorder is characterized by too high pitch and incomplete closure of vocal folds. Also called puberphonia.
Falsetto (Mutational Falsetto)
41
Vocal folds are supposed to abduct during inhalation and adduct slightly during exhalation. Disorder where they do the reverse is ____________.
PVFD | Paradoxical Vocal Fold Movement
42
PVFD is often misdiagnosed as what?
Asthma
43
When doing a Voice Assessment, what 4 things do we judge when Listening?
Pitch Loudness Quality Resonance
44
When doing a Voice Assessment, what objective measurements do we take?
Pitch, fundamental f., range, intensity, VOT, vowel length, nasal resonance, airflow, etc.
45
What visual assessment can be used for voice assessment?
Stroboscopic Assessment
46
What are the levels of preventative care identified by ASHA?
Tertiary: Alleviate Existing Problems Secondary: Early Detection Primary: Before the Fact-Educate
47
What are the 3 classifications for Interventions for Voice Disorders?
Medical Environmental Behavioral
48
What are some techniques used to treat vocal hyperfunction?
``` Relaxation Soft glottal attacks Pitch adjustment inhalation phonation yawn/sigh, etc. ```
49
What are some techniques used to treat vocal hypofunction?
Pushing/Pulling-glottal closure | Increasing loudness thru respiratory pattern
50
What assessment tool is useful in providing feedback on loudness and pitch?
Visi-Pitch
51
What 4 techniques can be used to encourage soft glottal attacks?
Yawn/Sigh Chewing Easy Onset Chanting
52
Child voice problems are often identified by whom?
Parents or Teachers (or screenings)
53
Voice that emanate from a sound source other than the larynx
Alaryngeal Speech

Clinical Methods Module 3 (3 decks)

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