Aphasia Flashcards
What is Aphasia?
Language disorder as a resulting from brain damage that manifests with impaired comprehension and or expression.
What is the most common cause of Aphasia?
CVA (stroke)
What motor impairments often accompany Aphasia?
Hemiplegia or Hemiparesis (right side of body weakened or paralyzed)
Hemianopsia (right visual field deficit)
What are some speech characteristics present with Aphasia?
Anomia Perseveration Phonemic Paraphasia Semantic Paraphasia Neologism Agrammatism Subpropositional Speech
Word retrieval problem; person can’t find right word
Anomia
Inappropriate continuation of same response
Perseveration
Transposition of Sounds in a word
Phonemic Paraphasia
Substitution of one word for another (often categorically similar)
Semantic Paraphasia
Word invented by aphasic person
Neologism
Aphasic person’s omission of function words; a syntactic deficit
Agrammatism
Aphasic person has fluent grammar but may be echolalic (only repeats what is said)
Subpropositional Speech
What are the 2 classifications of Aphasias?
Nonfluent Aphasia
Fluent Aphasia
What are the 3 nonfluent Aphasias?
Broca’s
Transcortical Motor
Global
What are the 3 fluent Aphasias?
Wernicke’s
Conduction
Anomic
What are some characteristics of Nonfluent Aphasia?
Comprehension varies; is sometimes spared Reduced Vocabulary Agrammatic (telegraphic) Impaired Articulation Person is Usually Aware of their Errors
What are some characteristics of Fluent Aphasia?
Wernicke’s Impaired Comprehension
Normal or Fast rate of Speech
Evidence of Neologisms, Paraphasias, Anomia and Perseveration
Unaware of Their own Errors
Which type of Aphasic patient is unaware of his or her own errors?
Fluent Aphasia
Things to consider when developing goals for person with Aphasia (4)
Assessment of Modalities Affected
Client’s Communication Needs
Client’s Priorities
Most Efficient/Effective Means of Communication
What are the possible modalities that might be affected by aphasia?
Receptive Language
Expressive Language
Overall Goal of Aphasia Therapy:
“To improve a client’s _____________________ skills to the highest degree possible within the ____________________ of the _____________ damage.
communication; constraints; neurological
What are the 2 Main Theoretical Orientations to Aphasia Treatment?
Restorative/Linguistic
Substitutive/Compensatory
Orientation to therapy that strengthens skills through direct instruction
Restorative (Linguistic)
Orientation to therapy that uses intensive and repeated therapy activities to improve linguistic skills that have been affected
Restorative (Linguistic)
Orientation to therapy that is also referred to as neurophychological or neurolinguistic
Restorative (Linguistic)
Orientation to therapy that establishes functional communication in an individual with aphasia
Substitutive/Compensatory
Orientation to therapy that uses procedures to encourage whatever modalities are available for the individual to convey messages
Substitutive/Compensatory
Orientation that focuses on functional communication for basic needs, social communication, reading/writing/math, and daily planning
Substitutive/Compensatory
What are some Specific Aphasia Intervention Approaches?
Constraint-Induced Language Therapy Stimulation-facilitation Melodic Intonation Therapy Gestural Program: Amer-Ind Gestural Program: Visual Action Therapy Promoting Aphasic’ Communicative Effectiveness Life Participation Approach to Aphasia
Intensive therapy that uses shaping by successive approximation. Client’s use of nonverbal communication is restricted.
Constraint-Induced Language Therapy
Is Constraint-Induced Language Therapy Restorative or Compensatory?
Restorative
Therapy technique that uses “intoning” to facilitate verbal expression. Varied, melodic pitches and rhythms are used to recruit participation of the right hemisphere to improve verbal production.
Melodic Intonation Therapy
Is Melodic Intonation Therapy Restorative or Compensatory?
Restorative
Melodic Intonation Therapy would be used with patients who have damage on which side of the brain?
Left Hemisphere (location of language centers)
This program is a technique based on American Indian Hand Talk. It is used for individuals with severely restricted verbal repertoires
Gestural Program: Amer-Ind
Is the Gestural Program of Amer-Ind restorative or Compensatory?
Compensatory (substitutive)
This gestural program uses objects and pictures to teach a client to communicate simple messages. It is a non-vocal strategy used for individuals with global aphasia and severe impairments.
Visual Action Therapy
Is Visual Action Therapy a Restorative or Compensatory therapy?
Compensatory (substitutive)
Therapeutic technique conducted in the context of a naturalistic environment. Teaches client to convey intended messages using whatever means available.
PACE (Promoting Aphasics’ Communicative Effectiveness
What is PACE?
Promoting Aphasics’ Communicative Effectiveness
Is PACE a Restorative or Compensatory Therapy?
Compensatory (substitutive)
This therapy technique is designed to maximize a client’s re-engagement in life and base all therapy on the life concerns specific to that client and his family. It focuses on improving client’s ability to function in life AND modify environment to promote participation.
Life Participation Approach to Aphasia
Is Life Participation Approach to Aphasia a restorative or compensatory treatment plan?
Compensatory
What are the three elements to writing a behavioral objective for patients with aphasia?
Do: “client will name pictures” etc.
Condition: after a paragraph, egocentric, abstract,
Criteria: +/-, tally of behavior, scale of performance
How can we target generalization with aphasic clients?
Group therapy
What are a few things that make aphasia therapy more likely to be effective?
single stroke frequent therapy younger client a prior spontaneous recovery a less severe lesion
Clinicians should consistently use what type of speech with aphasic clients?
Slower rate
Clients with auditory comprehension deficits benefit from substantial what?
repetition and redundancy of verbal input.
