Dysarthria Flashcards
What are the 7 types of dysarthria?
flaccid
spastic
ataxic
mixed
unilateral UMN
hypokinetic
hyperkinetic
what are the 8 common causes of dysarthria?
stroke
TBI
cerebral palsy
Parkinson’s
Huntington’s
brain tumour
MS
ALS/MND
what are the five speech systems?
respiration
phonation
articulation
resonance
prosod
what does respiration therapy target?
improving respiration to gain better control during speech
what does phonation therapy target?
improving vocal fold adduction during phonation
what does resonance therapy target?
nasal airflow
what does articulation therapy target?
consonant precision
what does prosody therapy target?
naturalness of speech
What is an example of a respiration treatment? (2)
adjusting posture
establishing abdominal breathing patterns
what is an example of a phonation treatment? (1)
LSVT therapy for increasing phonatory effort
what is an example of a resonance treatment? (1)
velar strengthening exercises
what is an example of an articulation treatment? (2)
increased awareness of errors
minimal contrast/pairs drills
what is an example of a prosody treatment? (2)
increased awareness
intonation drills
What are three dysarthria assessment tools?
Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment (FDA-2)
Dysarthria Impact Profile (DIP)
Newcastle Dysarthria Assessment Tool (N-DAT)
What are restorative treatments for dysarthria? (3)
speech intelligibility
prosody and naturalness
efficiency of speech
What are compensatory treatments for dysarthria? (4)
improve listener skills
AAC
change communication environment
increase communication strategies
What is the goal of dysarthria treatment? (3 key words)
To maximise the effectiveness, efficiency, or naturalness of communication.
Where is a lesion localized for flaccid dysarthria?
Lower motor neuron (Powerlines to the house)
Where is a lesion localized for spastic dysarthria?
bilateral UMN
Where is a lesion localized for unilateral UMN dysarthria?
Unilateral UMN
Where is a lesion localized for ataxic dysarthria?
cerebellum (music conductor - adjusting motor and sensory)
Where is a lesion localized for hypokinetic dysarthria?
Basal Ganglia control circuit (extrapyramidal)
Where is a lesion localized for hypekinetic dysarthria?
Basal Ganglia control circuit (extrapyramidal)
How does flaccid dysarthria affect speech? (7)
breathy voice
low volume
monopitch
stridor
slurred speech
hypernasality
imprecise articulation
How does spastic dysarthria affect speech? (4)
Think: CP Siri girl
Increased tone
slow and effortful
imprecise articulation
strained phonation
How does hypokinetic dysarthria affect speech? (7)
Think: interview with ex-surgeon
reduced movement of the articulators
MUMBLING
lack of awareness
reduced volume
dysphonia (breathy and rough)
reduced articulation
monotone
How does hyperkinetic dysarthria affect speech? (1)
Think: Greg - Nebraska Huntington’s
Excess movement of the articulators
dystonia (man in hospital - open jaw)
How does unilateral UMN dysarthria affect speech? (3)
Think: typical single stroke presentation / lady in the car
slurred speech
imprecise articulation
slow rate
How does ataxic dysarthria affect speech? (4)
Think: Joanna - 4 years later video
IRREGULAR ERRORS
slurred speech (sounds like they’re drunk)
excessive and equal stress on syllables
timing and force are off
What disease/disorder is a hyperactive gag reflex a clinical presentation of?
Spastic Dysarthria
What is the role of the Speech Pathologist during the assessment stage? (5)
Case History
Observations
OME (oral motor exam) to assess oral mechanism and cranial nerve function
Speech and Language assessments
ICF - activity and participation, environmental factors
What is Parkinson’s Disease and it’s impact on speech and language?
Brain disorder that causes unintended and uncontrollable movements
Think hypokinetic dysarthria: reduced movement of the articulator muscles
What is ALS/MND and it’s impact on speech and language?
Disease that affects motor neurons (voluntary movement)
ALS/MND attacks bulbar neurons (lips, tongue, soft palate, jaw, and vocal folds
