Dementia and PPA Flashcards
What is dementia?
umbrella (c b d)
m
i
r
ss
pf
An umbrella term for a collection of brain diseases and their symptoms which include: common in people over 65 years of age.
memory
intellect
rationality
social skills
physical functioning
What are the five types of dementia?
Alzheimer’s Disease
Vascular Dementia
Frontotemporal Demetria (FTD)
Lewy Body Dementia
Other dementias
What are some of the risk factors for dementia?
diabetes
hearing loss
high blood pressure
air pollution
alcohol
depression
head injury
social isolation
obesity
physical inactivity
smoking
less education
What are the most common causes of dementia? (5)
alz…
Alzheimer’s Disease
vascular dementia (stroke or hemorrhage)
alcoholism
Parkinson’s Disease
drug/medications
What are the three diagnostic and assessment tools for dementia?
Eyes - observations
Ears - listening
Knowledge - clinical reasoning (hypothesis driven)
What is the role of the SP when working with older people? (age 65 and over)
Support care needs related to communication and swallowing needs due to natural ageing and other health conditions
Professional partnerships across aged care team
What is delirium? (3)
neuropsychiatric syndrome
changes in cognition over time (hours, days or weeks)
fluctuate during the course of the day
What are the signs and symptoms of hyperactive delirium?
restless
agitated
distressed
What are the signs and symptoms of hypoactive delirium?
lethargic
drowsy
disengaged
Factors affecting cognition in older people? (6)
s
m
m
p
s
i
sensory: vision and hearing
mood: anxiety, depression and stress
medication
pain
sleeping issues
inactivity
What is the difference between delirium and dementia?
onset
duration
level of consciousness
cognitive function
hallucinations
activity
What are the six neurocognitive domains of the DSM-5?
perceptual-motor function
language
learning and memory
social cognition
complex attention
executive function
Which three neurocognitive domains of the DSM-5 relate to SP?
language
learning and memory
social cognition
Explain the LANGUAGE domain of the DSM-5 neurocognitive domains? (6)
object naming
word finding
fluency
grammar and syntax
receptive language
Explain the LEARNING AND MEMORY domain of the DSM-5 neurocognitive domains? (6)
ms
fr
cr
rm
sa
ltm
il
memory span
free recall
cued recall
recognition memory
semantic and autobiographical
long-term memory
implicit learning
Explain the SOCIAL COGNITION domain of the DSM-5 neurocognitive domains? (3)
re
tom
i
recognition of emotions
theory of mind
insight
Explain mild cognitive impairment.
modest cognitive decline from a previous level of performance in one or more cognitive domains
changes to not impact their daily life
How does dementia affect the brain? (3)
Explain how age impacts dementia, delirium and anmesia.
dementia: risk factor
delirium: associated but lower than dementia
amnesia: not a risk factor
Compare the onset of dementia, delirium and amnesia.
dementia: slow and gradual
delirium: sudden
amnesia: sudden onset of memory loss
What are the three main objectives of cognitive screening tools?
1. suspect…
- suspected cognitive decline or neurocognitive disorder (dementia)
- determine IF they need further testing
- provides baseline
What should an SP consider in choosing a cognitive screening tool? (2)
CALD
nature and severity of decline/difficulties
What is the role of the SP in dementia? (5)
exp
rec
ad
h
mdt
experts in speech, language and cognitive-communication
can recognize signs and symptoms
advocate for clients
help manage challenges
work with MDT
What is primary progressive aphasia?
What are the four types of PPA?
Logopenic
nonfluent/agrammatic variant (nfvPPA)
semantic variant PPA (svPPA)
Apraxia of Speech
What is the hallmark impairment in LOGOPENIC PPA?
impaired word finding and naming
OR
impaired repetition
What is the hallmark impairment in SEMANTIC VARIANT PPA?
impaired naming and comprehension
Which of the four dementias has an onset of between 45-65 years?
frontotemporal dementia
What are the warning signs for dementia related to the LEARNING AND MEMORY domain within the DSM-5?
repetition
confusion
What are the warning signs for dementia related to the LANGUAGE domain within the DSM-5? (2)
difficulty with expressive and receptive language
general terms (that thing)
What are the warning signs for dementia related to the SOCIAL COGNITION domain within the DSM-5? (2)
changes in behaviour
socially withdrawn
What are the four levels of confidence in the INTERNATIONAL DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA for dementia?
possible: atypical or mixed presentation
probable: meets all core criteria
confirmed: evidence of biomarker
ultimate confirmation - autopsy
What are the six key areas of the brain anatomy?
frontal lobe
parietal lobe
occipital lobe
temporal lobe
cerebellum
brain stem
List the key functions of the frontal lobe. (5)
ps
et
rj
s
vma
problem solving
emotional traits
reasoning/judgement
speaking
voluntary motor activity
List the key functions of the parietal lobe. (4)
lr
s
r
bo
left from right
sensation
reading
body orientation
List the key functions of the occipital lobe. (2)
v
cp
vision
colour perception
List the key functions of the temporal lobe. (4)
understanding language
behaviour
memory
hearing
List the key functions of the brain stem (5)
breathing
body temperature
digestion
alertness/sleep
swallowing
List the key functions of the cerebellum. (3)
balance
coordination and control of voluntary movement
fine muscle control
What are the risk factors for vascular dementia? (4)
age
diabetes
hypertension
metabolic syndrome
What are the characteristics of vascular dementia? (6)
ac
st
card
cog
neuro imp
neuro im
acute onset
stepwise decline
cardiovascular incident
cognitive dysfunction
neurological impairments
neuroimaging evidence
What are the 5 conceptual frameworks for dementia?
ap
dy
cog
d
int
aphasia
dysarthria
cognition
DSM-5 cognitive domains
international diagnostic criteria for dementia
What are the three steps in the method of a working hypothesis?
lay
- lay out all plausible hypotheses
- examine the evidence for each
- decide which stay and which go
Case history: obtain an overview of these 8 areas for dementia?
speech production
language
voice
swallowing
social communication
cognitive-memory-learning
literacy
oral motor
Pragmatic language competence cup: three areas?
ex
la
soc
executive function
language function
social cognitive function
