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5015 exam (adult acquired speech and language impairments) > Dementia and PPA > Flashcards

Dementia and PPA Flashcards

1
Q

What is dementia?
umbrella (c b d)
m
i
r
ss
pf

A

An umbrella term for a collection of brain diseases and their symptoms which include: common in people over 65 years of age.

memory
intellect
rationality
social skills
physical functioning

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2
Q

What are the five types of dementia?

A

Alzheimer’s Disease
Vascular Dementia
Frontotemporal Demetria (FTD)
Lewy Body Dementia
Other dementias

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3
Q

What are some of the risk factors for dementia?

A

diabetes
hearing loss
high blood pressure
air pollution
alcohol
depression
head injury
social isolation
obesity
physical inactivity
smoking
less education

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4
Q

What are the most common causes of dementia? (5)
alz…

A

Alzheimer’s Disease
vascular dementia (stroke or hemorrhage)
alcoholism
Parkinson’s Disease
drug/medications

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5
Q

What are the three diagnostic and assessment tools for dementia?

A

Eyes - observations
Ears - listening
Knowledge - clinical reasoning (hypothesis driven)

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6
Q

What is the role of the SP when working with older people? (age 65 and over)

A

Support care needs related to communication and swallowing needs due to natural ageing and other health conditions

Professional partnerships across aged care team

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7
Q

What is delirium? (3)

A

neuropsychiatric syndrome
changes in cognition over time (hours, days or weeks)
fluctuate during the course of the day

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8
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of hyperactive delirium?

A

restless
agitated
distressed

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9
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of hypoactive delirium?

A

lethargic
drowsy
disengaged

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10
Q

Factors affecting cognition in older people? (6)
s
m
m
p
s
i

A

sensory: vision and hearing
mood: anxiety, depression and stress
medication
pain
sleeping issues
inactivity

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11
Q

What is the difference between delirium and dementia?
onset
duration
level of consciousness
cognitive function
hallucinations
activity

A
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12
Q

What are the six neurocognitive domains of the DSM-5?

A

perceptual-motor function
language
learning and memory
social cognition
complex attention
executive function

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13
Q

Which three neurocognitive domains of the DSM-5 relate to SP?

A

language
learning and memory
social cognition

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14
Q

Explain the LANGUAGE domain of the DSM-5 neurocognitive domains? (6)

A

object naming
word finding
fluency
grammar and syntax
receptive language

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15
Q

Explain the LEARNING AND MEMORY domain of the DSM-5 neurocognitive domains? (6)
ms
fr
cr
rm
sa
ltm
il

A

memory span
free recall
cued recall
recognition memory
semantic and autobiographical
long-term memory
implicit learning

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16
Q

Explain the SOCIAL COGNITION domain of the DSM-5 neurocognitive domains? (3)
re
tom
i

A

recognition of emotions
theory of mind
insight

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17
Q

Explain mild cognitive impairment.

A

modest cognitive decline from a previous level of performance in one or more cognitive domains

changes to not impact their daily life

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18
Q

How does dementia affect the brain? (3)

A
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19
Q

Explain how age impacts dementia, delirium and anmesia.

A

dementia: risk factor
delirium: associated but lower than dementia
amnesia: not a risk factor

20
Q

Compare the onset of dementia, delirium and amnesia.

A

dementia: slow and gradual
delirium: sudden
amnesia: sudden onset of memory loss

21
Q

What are the three main objectives of cognitive screening tools?
1. suspect…

A
  1. suspected cognitive decline or neurocognitive disorder (dementia)
  2. determine IF they need further testing
  3. provides baseline
22
Q

What should an SP consider in choosing a cognitive screening tool? (2)

A

CALD
nature and severity of decline/difficulties

23
Q

What is the role of the SP in dementia? (5)
exp
rec
ad
h
mdt

A

experts in speech, language and cognitive-communication
can recognize signs and symptoms
advocate for clients
help manage challenges
work with MDT

24
Q

What is primary progressive aphasia?

A
25
Q

What are the four types of PPA?

A

Logopenic
nonfluent/agrammatic variant (nfvPPA)
semantic variant PPA (svPPA)
Apraxia of Speech

26
Q

What is the hallmark impairment in LOGOPENIC PPA?

A

impaired word finding and naming
OR
impaired repetition

27
Q

What is the hallmark impairment in SEMANTIC VARIANT PPA?

A

impaired naming and comprehension

28
Q

Which of the four dementias has an onset of between 45-65 years?

A

frontotemporal dementia

29
Q

What are the warning signs for dementia related to the LEARNING AND MEMORY domain within the DSM-5?

A

repetition
confusion

30
Q

What are the warning signs for dementia related to the LANGUAGE domain within the DSM-5? (2)

A

difficulty with expressive and receptive language
general terms (that thing)

31
Q

What are the warning signs for dementia related to the SOCIAL COGNITION domain within the DSM-5? (2)

A

changes in behaviour
socially withdrawn

32
Q

What are the four levels of confidence in the INTERNATIONAL DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA for dementia?

A

possible: atypical or mixed presentation
probable: meets all core criteria
confirmed: evidence of biomarker
ultimate confirmation - autopsy

33
Q

What are the six key areas of the brain anatomy?

A

frontal lobe
parietal lobe
occipital lobe
temporal lobe
cerebellum
brain stem

34
Q

List the key functions of the frontal lobe. (5)
ps
et
rj
s
vma

A

problem solving
emotional traits
reasoning/judgement
speaking
voluntary motor activity

35
Q

List the key functions of the parietal lobe. (4)
lr
s
r
bo

A

left from right
sensation
reading
body orientation

36
Q

List the key functions of the occipital lobe. (2)
v
cp

A

vision
colour perception

37
Q

List the key functions of the temporal lobe. (4)

A

understanding language
behaviour
memory
hearing

38
Q

List the key functions of the brain stem (5)

A

breathing
body temperature
digestion
alertness/sleep
swallowing

39
Q

List the key functions of the cerebellum. (3)

A

balance
coordination and control of voluntary movement
fine muscle control

40
Q

What are the risk factors for vascular dementia? (4)

A

age
diabetes
hypertension
metabolic syndrome

41
Q

What are the characteristics of vascular dementia? (6)
ac
st
card
cog
neuro imp
neuro im

A

acute onset
stepwise decline
cardiovascular incident
cognitive dysfunction
neurological impairments
neuroimaging evidence

42
Q

What are the 5 conceptual frameworks for dementia?
ap
dy
cog
d
int

A

aphasia
dysarthria
cognition
DSM-5 cognitive domains
international diagnostic criteria for dementia

43
Q

What are the three steps in the method of a working hypothesis?
lay

A
  1. lay out all plausible hypotheses
  2. examine the evidence for each
  3. decide which stay and which go
44
Q

Case history: obtain an overview of these 8 areas for dementia?

A

speech production
language
voice
swallowing
social communication
cognitive-memory-learning
literacy
oral motor

45
Q

Pragmatic language competence cup: three areas?
ex
la
soc

A

executive function
language function
social cognitive function

5015 exam (adult acquired speech and language impairments) (5 decks)

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