DYNAMICS OF VIBRATION

Question 1

defined as the oscillating, reciprocating, or other periodic motion of a
rigid or elastic body or
medium forced from a
position or state of
equilibrium

Answer 1

Vibration

Question 2

Types of Vibration

Answer 2

Free Vibration:
Forced Vibration

Question 3

Occurs
when a system
oscillates due to an
initial disturbance
without external forces.

Answer 3

Free Vibration:

Question 4

Occurs when an
external force
continuously drives the
system

Answer 4

Forced Vibration:

Question 5

Types of Free Vibration

Answer 5

Undamped Free Vibration:
Damped Free Vibration

Question 6

occurs when energy is
gradually lost due to forces like air resistance or friction, leading to a decrease in the
amplitude over time

Answer 6

Damped Free Vibration

Question 7

no energy is lost from the
system during oscillation,
meaning the system
continues to vibrate
indefinitely with the same
amplitude

Answer 7

Undamped Free Vibration

Question 8

Types of Forced Vibration

Answer 8

Undamped Forced
Vibration
Damped Forced
Vibration

Question 9

the system is driven by an externalforce, but energy is dissipated due to
damping

Answer 9

Damped Forced
Vibration

Question 10

Undamped Forced
Vibration

Answer 10

the system vibrates due to thecontinuous application of an external force, and no energy is lost

Question 11

is the simplest representation of a dynamic system, where the motion or displacement of the system can be described by a single variable (degree of freedom)

Answer 11

Single Degree of Freedom (SDOF) Systems

Question 12

The ______________
assumes that the structure or mechanical system behaves as
a single mass, moving in one direction (either horizontally or
vertically) in response to external forces

Answer 12

SDOF system

Question 13

is a more complex and realistic model that represents structures or mechanical systems that can move in multiple
independent directions or exhibit more complex motion.

Answer 13

MDOF (Multiple Degrees of Freedom)
System

Question 14

the process by which a
structure dissipates the energy imparted to it by external forces such
as seismic events or wind.

Answer 14

Damping

Question 15

The primary
purpose of ___________is to reduce the amplitude of vibrations caused by these
dynamic forces

Answer 15

damping

Question 16

The NSCP assumes a typical damping ratio of _____% of critical
damping for buildings.

Answer 16

5

Question 17

used in structural engineering to
evaluate how a building or structure will respond to seismic activity.

Answer 17

RESPONSE SPECTRUM ANALYSIS

Question 18

It involves creating a response spectrum—a graphical representation that shows a structure’s maximum expected
response (such as displacement, velocity, or acceleration) at
various natural frequencies when subjected to earthquake forces

Answer 18

RESPONSE SPECTRUM ANALYSIS

Question 19

It is the time needed to finish one
cycle of vibration.

Answer 19

NATURAL TIME PERIOD (T)

Question 20

FACTORS AFFECTING WAVE PROPAGATION

Answer 20

Soil type

Distance from the Epicenter

Geological Conditions

Question 21

the speed or rhythm at which something tends to vibrate naturally when it’s shaken or disturbed

Answer 21

Natural frequency

Question 22

occurs when the frequency of an external
force (such as seismic waves during an earthquake)
matches the natural frequency of a structure.

Answer 22

resonance

Question 23

Can be defined as Separating or Decoupling the structure from its
Foundation

Answer 23

Base Isolation Technique

Question 24

It is developed to prevent or minimize damage to building during an
earthquake.

Answer 24

Base Isolation Technique

Question 25

One of the most widely implemented seismic protection system

Answer 25

Base Isolation Technique

Question 26

devices THAT can enhance the performance, safety, and comfort of structures by dissipating the kinetic energy of the vibrations and transferring it to other forms of energy, such as heat or sound

Answer 26

Damping devices

Question 27

Common Types of Damping Devices

Answer 27

Tuned Mass Dampers Viscous Fluid Dampers Tuned Liquid Dampers

Question 28

A mass, typically suspended inside a structure, that moves in opposition to building motion, reducing oscillation

Answer 28

Tuned Mass Dampers

Question 29

Uses hydraulic fluid to absorb energy through resistance to motion. THese are often installed in highrise buildings or bridges to reduce vibration and sway caused by earthquakes or wind

Answer 29

Viscous Fluid Dampers

Question 30

Uses the sloshing of liquid (often water) in large tanks to counteract building vibrations. The liquid moves in response to seismic or wind-induced vibrations and creates a counteracting force that reduces motion.

Answer 30

Tuned Liquid Dampers

Question 31

process of strengthening existing structures to make them more resistant to seismic forces.

Answer 31

Seismic Retrofitting

Question 32

Measure the acceleration of the ground or a structure during an earthquake

Answer 32

Accelerometers

Question 33

Measure the relative movement between different structural elements or between a structure and the ground.

Answer 33

Displacement Sensors

Question 34

Measure the tilt or inclination of structures to detect changes in orientation due to seismic activity.

Answer 34

Tiltmeters

Question 35

Measure deformation or strain in structural components caused by applied forces

Answer 35

Strain Gauges

Question 36

Placed at critical points within the structure, such as connections or load-bearing members, to measure forces acting on them during seismic events.

Answer 36

Load Cells

Question 37

collect and analyze data from different sensors (e.g., accelerometers, strain gauges, and displacement sensors) to give a comprehensive view of a structure's condition

Answer 37

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) Systems

Question 38

These systems provide real-time feedback on the effectiveness of seismic retrofitting and help detect potential failures before they occur.

Answer 38

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) Systems