DYNAMICS OF VIBRATION Flashcards

1
Q

defined as the oscillating, reciprocating, or other periodic motion of a
rigid or elastic body or
medium forced from a
position or state of
equilibrium

A

Vibration

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2
Q

Types of Vibration

A

Free Vibration:
Forced Vibration

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3
Q

Occurs
when a system
oscillates due to an
initial disturbance
without external forces.

A

Free Vibration:

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4
Q

Occurs when an
external force
continuously drives the
system

A

Forced Vibration:

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5
Q

Types of Free Vibration

A

Undamped Free Vibration:
Damped Free Vibration

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6
Q

occurs when energy is
gradually lost due to forces like air resistance or friction, leading to a decrease in the
amplitude over time

A

Damped Free Vibration

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7
Q

no energy is lost from the
system during oscillation,
meaning the system
continues to vibrate
indefinitely with the same
amplitude

A

Undamped Free Vibration

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8
Q

Types of Forced Vibration

A

Undamped Forced
Vibration
Damped Forced
Vibration

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9
Q

the system is driven by an externalforce, but energy is dissipated due to
damping

A

Damped Forced
Vibration

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10
Q

Undamped Forced
Vibration

A

the system vibrates due to thecontinuous application of an external force, and no energy is lost

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11
Q

is the simplest representation of a dynamic system, where the motion or displacement of the system can be described by a single variable (degree of freedom)

A

Single Degree of Freedom (SDOF) Systems

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12
Q

The ______________
assumes that the structure or mechanical system behaves as
a single mass, moving in one direction (either horizontally or
vertically) in response to external forces

A

SDOF system

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13
Q

is a more complex and realistic model that represents structures or mechanical systems that can move in multiple
independent directions or exhibit more complex motion.

A

MDOF (Multiple Degrees of Freedom)
System

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14
Q

the process by which a
structure dissipates the energy imparted to it by external forces such
as seismic events or wind.

A

Damping

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15
Q

The primary
purpose of ___________is to reduce the amplitude of vibrations caused by these
dynamic forces

A

damping

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16
Q

The NSCP assumes a typical damping ratio of _____% of critical
damping for buildings.

A

5

17
Q

used in structural engineering to
evaluate how a building or structure will respond to seismic activity.

A

RESPONSE SPECTRUM ANALYSIS

18
Q

It involves creating a response spectrum—a graphical representation that shows a structure’s maximum expected
response (such as displacement, velocity, or acceleration) at
various natural frequencies when subjected to earthquake forces

A

RESPONSE SPECTRUM ANALYSIS

19
Q

It is the time needed to finish one
cycle of vibration.

A

NATURAL TIME PERIOD (T)

20
Q

FACTORS AFFECTING WAVE PROPAGATION

A

Soil type

Distance from the Epicenter

Geological Conditions

21
Q

the speed or rhythm at which something tends to vibrate naturally when it’s shaken or disturbed

A

Natural frequency

22
Q

occurs when the frequency of an external
force (such as seismic waves during an earthquake)
matches the natural frequency of a structure.

A

resonance

23
Q

Can be defined as Separating or Decoupling the structure from its
Foundation

A

Base Isolation Technique

24
Q

It is developed to prevent or minimize damage to building during an
earthquake.

A

Base Isolation Technique

25
Q

One of the most widely implemented seismic protection system

A

Base Isolation Technique

26
Q

devices THAT can enhance the performance, safety, and comfort of
structures by dissipating the kinetic energy of the vibrations and
transferring it to other forms of energy, such as heat or sound

A

Damping devices

27
Q

Common Types of Damping Devices

A

Tuned Mass Dampers
Viscous Fluid Dampers
Tuned Liquid Dampers

28
Q

A mass, typically suspended inside
a structure, that moves in
opposition to building motion, reducing oscillation

A

Tuned Mass Dampers

29
Q

Uses hydraulic fluid to absorb energy through resistance to motion.
THese are often installed in highrise buildings or bridges to reduce vibration and sway caused by earthquakes or wind

A

Viscous Fluid Dampers

30
Q

Uses the sloshing of liquid (often water) in large tanks to counteract building vibrations.

The liquid moves in response to seismic or wind-induced vibrations
and creates a counteracting force
that reduces motion.

A

Tuned Liquid Dampers

31
Q

process of strengthening existing structures to make them more
resistant to seismic forces.

A

Seismic Retrofitting

32
Q

Measure the acceleration of the ground or a structure during an
earthquake

A

Accelerometers

33
Q

Measure the relative
movement between different
structural elements or between a
structure and the ground.

A

Displacement Sensors

34
Q

Measure the tilt or inclination
of structures to detect changes in
orientation due to seismic activity.

A

Tiltmeters

35
Q

Measure deformation or strain in structural components caused by
applied forces

A

Strain Gauges

36
Q

Placed at critical points within the structure, such as connections
or load-bearing members, to
measure forces acting on them during seismic events.

A

Load Cells

37
Q

collect and analyze
data from different sensors (e.g.,
accelerometers, strain gauges, and
displacement sensors) to give a comprehensive view of a structure’s
condition

A

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM)
Systems

38
Q

These systems provide real-time
feedback on the effectiveness of
seismic retrofitting and help detect
potential failures before they occur.

A

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM)
Systems

39
Q
A