Dynamics of developed coastlines Flashcards
What’s a common pool resource?
Fundamentally- something shared
A natural resource (timber, fish, water) to which users have free access
But actions by individual users collectively affects the quantity and quality of the resource itself.
Tragedy of commons
Describes a situation in a shared-resource system where individual users acting independently according to their own self-interest behave contrary to the common good of all users by depleting or spoiling that resource through their collective action.
Shared pool -> everyone has self interest -> “just one more” -> combined = threshold for collapse reached
How does Nordstrom, 1994 relate human agency to the coastal environment
It is not an intrusion into the coastal environment so much as it is now a part of the coastal environment and…human-altered landscapes can and should be modelled as a generic system.
Tragedy of the commons - Hardin saw it as inevitable and the only way out was through…
Centralised top down governance
Private property
…People otherwise unable to solve the problem, left to their own (rational) behaviours.
What are socio-ecological “traps”?
The trap concept is that you become increasingly dependent on a specific resource.
Individuals/ social group/ society makes some set of a decisions that result in a circumstance that is impossible to reverse.
They are typically framed in terms of poverty- collective actions, driven by a lack of economic alternatives, results in liquidation of natural resources.
Interplay of social decisions/ actions and environmental responses drives the socio-ecological system to a particular state/ set of conditions.
What is the “gilded” trap?
Gilded traps are a type of social trap in which collective actions resulting from economically attractive opportunities outweigh concerns over associated social and ecological risks or consequences.
What are Gilded traps?
Steneck et al. (2011)
In a coastal development context, lack of diversity
in the work economy (dependence on the tourist industry) and a dependence on coastal real estate for economic benefits.
This is also affecting coastal management interventions.
What is the TALC model?
Butler proposed that most tourist resorts go through a six stage model and he called this the tourism life cycle model.
What does the TALC model state?
Most tourist resorts start on a very small scale and get bigger and bigger until stagnation occurs.
What are the 6 stages of the TALC model?
Exploration
Involvement
Development
Consolidation
Stagnation
Decline or rejuvunation
Within the 6 stages of the TALC model, the following happens:
Exploration
A few hardy and adventurous people looking for something different in a holiday find a place that is special in terms of its culture, natural beauty, history or landscape.
There may be no tourist services available and local people will not be involved in tourist money making activities.
Within the 6 stages of the TALC model, the following happens:
Involvement
Local people start to notice that there are increasing numbers of people coming to their local area.
They start businesses to provide accommodation, food, guides, and transport.
Within the 6 stages of the TALC model, the following happens:
Development
Big companies start to see the emerging potential of the area as a tourist resort and therefore start to invest money in the region.
They build large hotel complexes and sell package holidays (a package might include travel, accommodation, food and excursions).
This makes the numbers of tourists swell dramatically and massively expands the number of job opportunities for people in the local region, in both tourist related jobs and in construction and services.
Within the 6 stages of the TALC model, the following happens:
Consolidation
The local economy is probably dominated by tourism at this stage, and many local people will make their money from this type of industry.
However, this can remove people from other industries such as farming and fishing and these industries can suffer as a result.
There will be continued building and expansion of the resort BUT some of the older buildings will start to become unattractive and a lower quality client base might result.
Within the 6 stages of the TALC model, the following happens:
Stagnation
Competition from other resorts, rowdiness and a loss of the original features (e.g. if it had a great beach but that is now crowded and full of rubbish) can cause the resort to stop growing.
The number of people going levels off then starts to decline, threatening local businesses and services.
