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Geology > Dynamic Interior L2 > Flashcards

Dynamic Interior L2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a mineral?

A

A naturally occurring crystalline inorganic material with a definite, but not necessarily fixed chemical composition

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2
Q

Where does diamond rank on the Mohs Hardness Scale?

A

10

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3
Q

Where does quartz rank on the Mohs Hardness Scale?

A

7

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4
Q

Where does a steel nail rank on the Mohs Hardness Scale?

A

6.5

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5
Q

Where does a fingernail rank on the Mohs Hardness Scale?

A

2.5

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6
Q

Where does talc rank on the Mohs Hardness Scale?

A

1

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7
Q

What are the 7 crystal systems?

A

Cubic
Tetragonal
Hexagonal
Trigonal
Orthorhombic
Monoclinic
Triclinic

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8
Q

What is a unit cell?

A

The smallest unit which, when repeated in 3-D, will build the crystal structure.

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9
Q

What are the corners of a unit cell called?

A

Nodes

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10
Q

What is a space lattice?

A

A 3D array of corner points (nodes)

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11
Q

What is the value of an atom shared between 2 units cells?

A

1/2

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12
Q

What is the value of an atom shared between 8 unit cells?

A

1/8

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13
Q

What is the value of an atom shared between 4 unit cells?

A

1/4

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14
Q

What is twinning?

A

Where two separate crystals are intergrown and share some common points in the crystal lattice.

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15
Q

What is a twin plane?

A

The surface between the two crystals by which atoms are arranged symmetrically.

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16
Q

What are the 4 types of twinning?

A

Rotational twinning
Simple twinning
Multiple/lamellar twinning
Cyclic twinning

17
Q

What is cleavage?

A

The tendency of minerals to split along crystallographic planes.

18
Q

What is a cleavage plane?

A

The crystallographic plane at which a mineral breaks.

19
Q

What are two types of cleavage planes?

A

Single
Multiple

20
Q

What is an example of a type of mineral that displays a single cleavage plane?

A

Sheet silicates e.g. mica

21
Q

What are 2 examples of minerals that display multiple cleavage planes?

A

Pyroxene and amphibole

22
Q

What is the chemical formula of a silicate anion?

A

[SiO4]4-

23
Q

What does the exchange of ions with similar ionic radii into a crystal lattice produce?

A

Isomorph / isomorphous series

Geology (17 decks)

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