Dynamic Equilibrium Flashcards
chemical system
environment in which a chemical reaction occurs
open chemical system
where matter and energy can be freely exchanged between system and the surroundings
advantages of open chemical system
simple to use
easy to add reactants and remove products
can be used to concentrate solutions
low cost of operation
easy to monitor reaction progress
closed chemical system
where matter is contained in the system but energy is able to be transfered between system and surrounding
disadvantages of open chemical system
easy to lose sample
reaction mixture can be contaminated
reactants may need to be topped up
need for fume hoods or extraction systems
difficult to control and monitor reaction conditions
advantages of closed chemical system
no sample loss or contamination of reaction mixture
can be fitted with gauges to monitor reaction conditions
a lot easier to control conditions
greater yield of products
disadvantages of closed chemical system
more complex
system has to be opened to allow addition and removal of materials
higher cost of operation
difficult to view reaction progress
chemical equilibrium
when the rate of forward and backward reaction rates are equal, chemical equilibrium has been reached
requirements for chemical reaction to be at equilibirum
- must be closed chemical system
- must be reversible and activation energy be low
- dynamic
- forward = backward rates
- concentration of each substance involved is same
why is it called dynamic equilibrium
as even though concentration of reactants and products are the same, the reactions are still occuring
phase equilibirum
physical process and occurs between two states of matter
solution equilibirum
occurs in a solution
dissolving rate = crystalising rate
