Dynamic Earth Lesson 1

Question 1

How old is our Earth?

Answer 1

4.6 billion years old

Question 2

What is the first era?

Answer 2

Hadean Era

Question 3

Hadean Era- how many years ago was it?

Answer 3

~4.1 billion years ago

Question 4

When was the start of the Carbon cycle and Water cycle?

Answer 4

~4.1 billion years ago

Question 5

Carbon cycle has a natural _____ to it

Answer 5

sink

Question 6

More carbon is stored than it is released, where is it stored?

Answer 6

stored in the lithosphere and hydrosphere

Question 7

What era is our earliest form of life? and how many years ago?

Answer 7

Archean Era 3.8bya

Question 8

How do we know how old our Earth is?

Answer 8

by studying asteroids because everything in our solar system was formed at the same time.

Question 9

What is Aproxy?

Answer 9

the study to look back in time

Question 10

What are the Earth’s 3 spheres?

Answer 10

Lithosphere, Hydrosphere, and Atmosphere

Question 11

Our 3 spheres were formed at the same time, but there is a 4th sphere that was formed later. What is it?

Answer 11

Biosphere

Question 12

What is the Lithosphere?

Answer 12

The Earth’s solid outer layer

Question 13

What is the Hydrosphere?

Answer 13

All the water on Earth

Question 14

What is the Atmosphere?

Answer 14

The layer of gases surrounding Earth

Question 15

What is the Cambrian Explosion? And how many years ago was it?

Answer 15

The start of life 500 million years ago

Question 16

What is the Pleistocene Epoch? How many yrs ago?

Answer 16

The Ice Age- 1.5 million years ago

Question 16

What is the Holocene Epoch? And how many years ago?

Answer 16

10,000 yrs ago to now-2025

Question 17

Other than the ice age in the Pleistocene Epoch, what else happened?

Answer 17

the migration of humans

Question 18

The “Dino” era, how many yrs ago was it?

Answer 18

200-86 million years ago

Question 19

What are the 3 characteristics in the Dino era?

Answer 19

trisonic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous

Question 20

What is the mass extinction called that wiped out the dinosaurs?

Answer 20

the KT MEE(Mass extinction event)

Question 21

What is a feedback loop?

Answer 21

When a system or subsystem has an overall net positive/negative impact on a specific process or effect

Question 22

What are the 2 types of feedback loops? describe them

Answer 22

Positive feedback loop- increases a process or effect
Negative feedback loop- decreases or reverses a positive feedback loop

Question 23

What is Equilibrium?

Answer 23

when a system does not move dramatically in either a positive or a negative direction

Question 24

What is Albedo? What would be an example of it?

Answer 24

the amount of sunlight reflecting back instead of absorbing it, for example snow and ice reflect sunlight back to the sun instead of absorbing it

Question 25

Provide a feedback loop example

Answer 25

Ice melting in the north pole bc of high temps, albedo decreases, which means more heat is being absorbed, human activity like factories and burning of fossil fuels, increase of global temperatures melts ice faster.

Question 26

How did Earth warm?

Answer 26

Volcanic eruptions- emit greenhouse gases that warmed the earth surface

Question 27

How are Volcanos formed?

Answer 27

Through tectonic plates

Question 28

What are convergent plate boundary?

Answer 28

when 2 pieces of tectonic plates run into each other

Question 29

What are the 2 types of tectonic plates?

Answer 29

Continental and Oceanic plates

Question 30

Which tectonic plate is more dense than the other?

Answer 30

Oceanic plates are denser than continental plates

Question 31

When 2 plates collide they have the same______

Answer 31

density

Question 32

When oceanic and continental plates collide, the oceanic plates go ____ the continental plates and melts which turns into magma

Answer 32

down or underneath

Question 33

Water/ steam rises from underneath the mantel to the Earth's surface and magma goes with it and it forms lava then creates _______

Answer 33

Volcanos

Question 34

What is a subduction zone?

Answer 34

primary drive of volcanic activity( when oceanic plates submerge under continental plates)

Question 35

What is hotspot activity?

Answer 35

another drive of volcanos (creates holes)

Question 36

What is the divergent plate boundary? what does it create?

Answer 36

when plates move away from each other and creates big trenches

Question 37

What is formed at divergent plate boundaries?

Answer 37

new crust

Question 38

Which zone is old crust being recycled?

Answer 38

in the subduction zone

Question 39

What is transform boundary?

Answer 39

when 2 tectonic plates are going past each other