Dynamic Earth

Question 1

Layers of earth

Answer 1

Crust
Upper mantle
Lower mantle
Outer core
Inner core

Question 2

Lithosphere:

Answer 2

Layer of solid crust

Question 3

Atmosphere

Answer 3

Layer of gases (79% nitrogen, 21% oxygen)

Question 4

Theory:

Answer 4

Hypothesis with evidence

Question 5

Law:

Answer 5

Scientifically proven

Question 6

Theory of continental drift:

Answer 6

Alfred wegener proposed idea:
1912
“One supercontinent named Pangea broke into Laurasia and Gondwana

Question 7

Convergent:

Answer 7

Plate overlap each other

Question 8

Divergent:

Answer 8

Pull apart

Question 9

Transform:

Answer 9

Rub against another

Question 10

When magma cools down and gets dense nd meets hot magma:

Answer 10

Convection

Question 11

Divergent cause

Answer 11

Ridges

Question 12

Convection:

Answer 12

Subduction zone

Question 13

Normal

Reverse and transcurrent

Answer 13

Faults

Question 14

Conservative boundaries

Produce earthquake but no mountain/volcan

Answer 14

Transform plates

Question 15

Rock cycle:

Answer 15

Ingenious>
weathering and erosion>
sedimentary>
heat and pressure>
metamorphic>
melting

Question 16

How do fossils help us?

Answer 16

Understand study evolution

Question 17

Petrifaction:

Answer 17

When minerals slowly replace the original material and decays leaving stone replica

Question 18

How fossil form:

Answer 18

Amber
Pretrification
Carbonisation
1/ layers of sediment rapidly cover up dead organism
2/ minerals fill up spaces
3/ pressure, chemical reactions and time turn sediment into mineralised fuel
5/ remain until erosion or excavation

Question 19

Unconformities:

Answer 19

Young sediments deposited on old eroded rock

Question 20

Basalt dyke

Answer 20

Magna rises from asthenosphere into old rocks as tunnel

Question 21

Ages of fossil found by what dating

Answer 21

Carbon or absolute dating where dating is found by radioactive method

Question 22

Pangea broke up into

Answer 22

Laurasia and Gondwana

Question 23

Epicentre

Answer 23

Begin here and travel outward direction
Don’t originate here
Suffer most damage

Question 24

Seismic waves:

Answer 24

2 types:
Body waves and surface waves
Body waves only travel inner layers
Surface waves only surface

Question 25

Body waves are either primary or secondary | Primary waves:

Answer 25

Fastest, longitudinal, can move in anywhere

Question 26

Secondary waves

Answer 26

``` Slower than primary wave Only travel on rock Transverse wave Bent and refracted by different density of rocks and temp Shadow zones ```

Question 27

Shadow zone

Answer 27

The denser the rock, the faster they go

Question 28

``` Surface waves: Travel only on crust Most destructive Around the earth, not through Two types: ```

Answer 28

Rayleigh and love

Question 29

Rayleigh waves:

Answer 29

Roll up and down

Question 30

Love wave:

Answer 30

Side to side, horizontal | Confined to surface too

Question 31

Measuring earthquakes:

Answer 31

Seismometer detect vibrations

Question 32

Tsunami:

Answer 32

When sea floor adults deforms and displaced the overlaying water