Dynamic Development - Key Facts

Question 1

Ethiopia key points

Answer 1

• landlocked (limited trade)
• main ecosystems are savanna and desert, climate is very hot (some droughts causing crop failure)
• Nile source (hydroelectric power
• Addis Ababa (capital) is very densely populated
• TNCs, fair trade improves amount to farmer

Question 2

What are the three classifications of country in development ?
Name an example for each

Answer 2

AC (advanced country) e.g. UK, Japan or New Zealand
EDC (emerging and developing country) e.g. Brazil, India or China
LIDC (low-income developing country) e.g. Ethiopia, Kenya or Vietnam

Question 3

What does HDI include

Answer 3

(HDI - human development index)
Include: life expectancy
GDP
Adult literacy rate

Question 4

What is a disadvantage of HDI

Answer 4

It doesn’t account for quality of life - it’s too generalised.

Question 5

Why is HDI a good measure of development

Answer 5

It looks at both economic and social factors

Question 6

What are some other ways of measuring development not included in the HDI
Name 3 (more are listed)

Answer 6

• access to safe, clean water
• birth and death rate
• people per doctor
• infant mortality

Question 7

Why can measures of development be misleading ?

Give two examples

Answer 7

There is not always a direct correlation between measures of development and development. E.g.

• Zimbabwe is a LIDC but has a high literacy rate (84%)
• China has a low birth rate due to its previous one child per family policy which distorts the data. (China is a EDC)

Question 8

What other factors affect development

Answer 8

• physical factors. E.g. landlocked means you can’t trade as easily.
• Economic factors.E.g. high levels of debt means paying interest not investing the money back into society.
• Environmental factors. It is harder to develop if there are constant floods
• Natural resources E.g Oil or minerals that can be sold
• political factors. E.g. A country having a corrupt government or war destroys infrastructure and no spending on areas like health or education

Question 9

How does climate change make development even more uneven ?

Answer 9

A lot of LIDCs are in Africa
These will be most immediately affected by droughts/increase in temperature
This could cause crops to fail and clean water sources to dry up
If people are starving and have no money from crops they will prioritise food not education. The development gap will increase

Question 10

What are Ethiopia’s main exports ?

Answer 10

Cattle, Camels and COFFEE

Question 11

What is the Rostow model ?

What are the problems with it ?

Answer 11

Shows economic growth over 5 stages
When it was created it didn’t allow for the influence of international aid, technological advances and regional differences (e.g. arts of India are stage 4 whereas some are stage 2)

Question 12

Name the stages of the rostow model

Answer 12

TRADITIONAL SOCIETY - farming or hunter-gathering
PRECONDITIONS FOR ECONOMIC TAKE OFF - manufacturing industry begins to develop and international trade begins
TAKE OFF - short period where urbanisation increases and industrialisation proceeds with technological breakthroughs
DRIVE TO MATURITY - industry diversifies, investment in infrastructure and improving quality of life.
AGE OF HIGH MASS CONSUMPTION - where mass production feeds consumer demands.

Question 13

Name the millennium development goals

Answer 13

Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Universal primary education
Promote gender equality and empower women
Reduce child mortality
Improve maternal health
Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
Ensure environmental sustainability
Develop a global partnership for development

Question 14

Regular coffee profits

Answer 14

40% to retailer
20% to roaster
20% exporter 
10% to buyer
10% to farmer

Question 15

Fair trade coffee profit distribution

Answer 15

35% retailers
20% coffee co-op
45% farmer