Dynamic Development - Ethiopia Flashcards
What is the dynamic Transition Model and what does it look like (how it shows a country’s development)
https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog30/sites/www.e-education.psu.edu.geog30/files/transition.jpg
The Demographic transition model shows the change of birth and death rates related to the total population. It also indicates what stage the country is in whether that’s AC, LIDC or EDC due to the stage it’s in of the model. Due to b.r and d.r being displayed it also indicates where natural increase is occurring this occurs normally in the middle stages of the model (late 2 and 3)
Death rates are affected by:
- Medical Care (vaccinations, new drugs, new scientific breakthroughs and education leading to more doctors)
- Sanitation and the quality of water
- Quality and level of food security
Stage 3:
- We will see more family planning
- Infant mortality decrease
- More adult employment therefore children can study
Stage 4 - population plataeu as more privliged lifestyle (think japanese people; anime; and other culture) plus contraception is being used more widely.
Stage 5 - https://www.quora.com/What-would-a-stage-5-country-be-like-in-the-demographic-transition-model-Would-stage-6-even-exist?share=1
-More diverse culture population still increasing due to migration from poorer countries (LIDC also still increasing as they have high birth rate and mortality rate).
Explain the effects of 1 TNC in Ethiopia
H&M:
Partnered with Swedish company Kinnevik to invest in Ethiopia in 2014 with 8.8 million SEK (£750,000) for social entrepreneurs to grow and become financially stable
$3.3 million for refugee children education - 2017 January
$100,000 to drought crisis - 2017 April
4,000 new jobs
Moore people have jobs so more expendable income helping the Government VIA tax and this encourages other TNCs to invest.
Women income has increased by 500% VIA CARE program and only 3.6% of the target group didn’t have savings (70% before).
What was the GTP 3 Facts
Growth Transformation Plan:
The government plans to increase the GDP by 11% annually
A national 5 year plan created by the Government from 2010-201
$75 billion total donation
8.1% annual agricultural growth
P.S:
Doesn’t target the necessities
5 Details which the GTP accomplished
Growth Transformation Plan:
Ethiopia now has a membership in the World Trade Organisation
Increasing road networks by 10,000 miles across the country
4x power generation and building 82,500 miles of new power lines (2MW to 10MW)
More internet subscriber (200,00 to 3.7 mill) and mobile networks subs from 7 mill to 40 mill
1500 mile long standard gauge rail network (manufacturing plants for engines)
More in Book
What is Farm Africa
Farm Africa;
Bottom Up Project
The farmers lack training in business and marketing skills as well as effective coffee production
Can’t access international and national trade so local traders get low prices
Giving a certified license allows for higher prices
Wants to increase the quality of coffee and new efficient methods of production
5 Facts of Farm Africa
Farm Africa:
It targets the Oromia Region (subsistence farmers)
Increase coffee based household income by 60%
Directly target 10,000 coffee farmers in Ethiopia (30% are women for empowerment)
15 million workers (28% of annual exports)
Link this with MDGs
Ethiopia facts of agriculture and location
Landlocked country in the middle east of Africa
85% of work force in agriculture 10% services and 5% industry
0.47 HDI
41% GDP is agriculture
81% total exports is agriculture
The negatives of H&M and Ethiopia
Negatives:
Economic Leakage - money and profits go the HQ which is located in the AC. Ethiopia only gets money through taxes of other national businesses and countries buying more of their exports.
The worker are exploited almost like slaves with little pay ($36.60 per month)
The country becomes too reliant on the TNC
Large business close small ones
Environmental problems mining and deforestation
The Development
http://www.thegeographeronline.net/uploads/2/6/6/2/26629356/6126394_orig.jpg
What factors hindered Ethiopia’s Development
