Dynamic Development Flashcards
Name some economic indicating ways of measuring development.
GNI per capita, GDP per capita and Employment type.
Name some social indicating ways of measuring development.
Literacy rate, infant mortality rate and life expectancy.
Name some economic and social indicating ways of measuring development.
HDI (Human Development Index).
What are the three ways that show the levels of development in a country.
LIDC-Low Income Developing countries.
EDC-Emerging Developing countries.
AC-Advanced countries.
What is the definition of development?
A state of growth or advancement in a country ; improving the quality of life for people.
What are the three measures of development?
Economic development
Social development
Political development
What is also an important aspect for long term development?
Sustainability of the natural environment.
What is infant mortality rate?
Number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births.
What three measures does the HDI(Human Development Index) Show?
Health (Life expectancy at birth), Education (years of schooling), Wealth (GNI per capita).
Name an example country that is an AC?
USA.
Name an example country that is an EDC?
South Africa.
Name an example country that is an LIDC?
Nepal.
Where is Ethiopia located?
On the Horn of Africa, in the east of the continent
Name barriers to Ethiopias development ?
Landlocked location
Political conflicts
Lack of education
What political event massively disrupted any development within Ethiopia ?
In 1974, a military group called the ‘Derg’ seized the country leading to a violent political conflict called ‘the red terror’ between rival communist groups.
How many people were killed in the red terror ?
200,000 people
What happened in 2000 for Ethiopia?
They were declared the poorest country in the world in terms of GNI per capita.
How did Ethiopia being landlocked effect its development ?
It meant Ethiopia had no access to the sea so all exports/imports must be transported by the port of Djibouti in the Gulf of Aden. This increases prices, having a negative effect on development.
What did ‘the derg’ do when in power?
Introduced new agricultural policies which had negative effects on development.
Did any other political conflicts in Ethiopia happen apart from the red terror?
In 1999-2000, a full blown conflict with Eritrea erupted, significantly damaging any development.
Why do political conflicts/ wars affect development?
The government focus their money, time and effort into the fight and the rest of the country will be depleted of funds.
What is a Top-Down Strategy?
National scale, government led and expensive.
What is a Bottom-Up Strategy?
Local scale, community based . Led by a Non government organisation and is therefore expensive.
Advantages and disadvantages of AID for a country ?
Advantages = Can help some countries develop infrastructure quickly. Aid can also improve projects such as healthcare, education and roads.
Disadvantages = Too much reliance on aid can lead to governments not working hard to establish improvements such as trade links.
List the 5 stages of the Rostow model?
1)Traditional society .
2)Preconditions for take-off.
3)Take off .
4)Drive to maturity.
5)Mass consumptions.
Give an example of a Bottom-Up strategy?
Farm Africa
Give an example of a Top-Down strategy?
GERD-Grand Ethiopia Renaissance Dam.
How does corruption affect aid?
The people who truly need it may not receive it.
Who set the Millennium Development Goals and why?
The UN set these targets to reduce poverty.
What factor of imports /exports in Ethiopia negatively affects development?
The country receives more imports than exports.
HDI and life expectancy of Ethiopia?
0.435 and 63 years old.
What stage of the Rostow model is Ethiopia at ?
Stage 2 (Preconditions for take-off).
What global connections does Ethiopia have ?
AID, TNCs and Trade.
Example of Aid?
Goat aid.
