Dynamic development Flashcards
Define development
An improvement in living standards through better use of resources
Define these classifications and give an example of each: ACs, EDCs, LIDCs
Advanced Countries - e.g. UK
Emerging and Developing Countries - e.g. Mexico
Low-Income Developing Countries - e.g. Zambia
Where are most LIDCs found?
Sub-Saharan Africa, parts of South-East Asia
Where are EDCs found?
Most of Asia
Central/South America + Carribean
Pacific Islands
Eastern Europe
Where are ACs found?
North America
Western Europe
Australia/New Zealand
Parts of East Asia
Define Sustainable Development
Economic, social and environmental development to meet people’s needs now without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.
What is GNI/per capita?
Gross National Income - income of a country over a year divided by the population (economic measure)
What is the Birth/Death rate?
The amount of people born/deceased per 1000 people in a year (social measure)
What is Life Expectancy?
The average age a new born baby is expected to live for (social measure)
What is infant mortality rate?
The amount of infants (0-1yr old) that die per 1000 infants in a year (social measure)
What is literacy rate?
The percentage of the over 15 population that can read and write (social measure)
What is HDI and how is it calculated?
Human Development Index:
a statistical tool used to measure a country’s overall social and economic development based on a combination of their health (life expectancy), wealth (GNI per capita PPP) and education (expected and mean years of schooling)
Give two examples of physical factors affecting development
Climate
Natural Hazards
etc
Give two examples of human factors affecting development
Debt
Conflict
Colonialism
Poverty
Trade
etc
What are 4 obstacles to development for LIDCs?
- Trade - exports and imports for LIDCs are much smaller than ACs
- Debt - need to pay off debts as well as fund public services
- Political Unrest - puts back development progress
- Poverty - hard for people to break out of poverty
What is the recent economic development of Zambia?
Its growth is constantly fluctuating with rapid growth one year and massive contractions the next year, it’s fairly positive though.
The GDP per capita has increased since the turn of the century by roughly $1000
What is Zambia’s population structure like?
High amounts of young people, fewer amounts of older people
Describe Zambia’s location?
Sub-Saharan Africa.
Surrounded by Zimbabwe, Botswana, Tanzania, DRC, etc.
It is landlocked (difficult for trade)
Describe the politics of Zambia
It gained Independence from the UK in 1964. It was a one-party state until 1990. It is now a democracy.
Describe the main industry type of Zambia
Very agricultural based
Mention two paths forward to development by Zambia in the last 50 years
Kariba Dam starts to generate renewable electricity - 1975
IMF cancels Zambia’s debt - 2006
Mention two paths backwards to Development by Zambia in the last 50 years
The price of copper falls, HIV/aids epidemic
“What is Zambia’s main industry? And what is the problem associated with this?”
Copper - it is vulnerable to price fluctuation
What are the Millenium Development goals
Goals set by the UN in 2000 to be completed by 2015 for development of poorest nations