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Cardio Exams > Dylipidemias, Renal, HTN > Flashcards

Dylipidemias, Renal, HTN Flashcards

1
Q

glycerin

A

Osmoglyn

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2
Q

Isosorbide

A

Ismotic

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3
Q

Mannitol

A

Osmitrol

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4
Q

Urea

A

Ureaphil

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5
Q

Addisons Disease

A

decreased aldosterone, decreased Na, increased K

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6
Q

Conn’s syndrome

A

Increase aldosterone and i ncrease Na and decrease K

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7
Q

Aldosterone Increases BP by

A

Excess aldosterone can increase Na/K pump activity on the basolateral membrane which increases sodium reabsorption on the luminel side.

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8
Q

Spironolactone

A

Aldactone or Carospur if suspension

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9
Q

Eplerenone

A

Inspra

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10
Q

Possible major side effects of Aldactone

A

Gynecomastia, Impotence, Menstral irregularities

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11
Q

Primary aldosterone treatment…

A

Spironolactone

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12
Q

Amiloride

A

Dyrenium

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13
Q

Triamterene

A

Midamor

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14
Q

How is Direnium usually used?

A

In combination with other diuretics to offset the kaliuretic effects of thiazides and loops

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15
Q

Class of diuretics used for glaucoma?

A

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

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16
Q

Acetazolamide

A

Diamox

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17
Q

Brinzolamide

A

Azopt

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18
Q

Dorzolamide

A

Trusopt

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19
Q

Methazolamide

A

GlaucTabs

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20
Q

Where do Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors work?

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

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21
Q

What do CA inhibitors inhibit?

A

reabsorption of bicarbonate in the proximal convoluted tubule

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22
Q

What is the drug of choice in HTN with those who have hepatic cirrhosis?

A

Spironolactone (Aldactone)

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23
Q

Bumetanide

A

Bumex

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24
Q

Ethacrynic Acid

A

Edecrin

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25
Furosemide
Lasix
26
Torsemide
Demadex
27
Essential indication for Lasix?
Pulmonary Edema
28
Other indication for Loop diuretic?
Hyperkalemia
29
Why is combination with Thiazides + Loops good?
Because the TAL where the loops act absorb 25% of the Na+ and the remainder of it is sent to the distal tubule where thiazides work.
30
how do Thiazides work?
They inhibit Na+ reabsorption at the distal convoluted tubule by target ENCC1 (symporter for Na/K) More Na+ and K+ pushed out
31
Which classes of diuretics are CI for Sulfa allergy?
Thiazides, Loops, Carbonic Anhydrase-I
32
Chlorothiazide
Diuril
33
Hydrochlorothiazide
HCTZ, Microzide
34
Indapamide (Thiazide-like)
Lozol
35
Two thiazide-like diuretics....
Metolazone and indapamide (Lozol)
36
What diuretics could you take if you were trying to not increase uric acid/frequent gout?
Osmotic diuretics (indication for cerebral edema), or Aldosterone Antagonists, or Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
37
What diuretics can also help arthritis and kidney stones?
Thiazides
38
Normal Sodium Level Range
135-145mEQ/L
39
Normal Chloride range
98-106
40
Normal Potassium
3.5-5
41
Normal Calcium
8.5-10.5
42
Normal Uric Acid
1.4-7.4
43
SA Node: Phase 4
Depolarization Ca+ & Na+ leaking in
44
SA Node: Phase 0
at threshold Ca2+ open (FAST CALCIUM CHANNELS)
45
SA Node: Phase 3
K+ channels open, K+ moves out and Ca+ begins to move back in (repolarization)
46
Where phase of SA node do CCB act?
Phase 0, they can block the Ca+ channels
47
What is the outcome of a CCB?
Decreased HR, Vasodilation, decreased conduction, lowers BP
48
Amlodipine
Norvasc
49
Nifedipine ER
Procardia XL
50
Nicardipine
Cardene
51
Diltiazem
Cardizem
52
Verapamil
Iopten
53
Whats the difference in the two classes of CCB?
NON-DHP: cause less vasodilation and more cardiac depression
54
Explain CCB Compensatory mechanism....
The CCBs inhibit the Ca+ from entering in the Heart and contractility slows down a nd isnt strained, bloow flow is easier, vasodilation, decreased HR and this quickly lowers the BP. The body responds to such an extensive drop with an increased net HR.
55
What CCB is a drug of choice to treat HTN in preggos?
Nifedipine
56
There is a decreased O2 demand for what CCBs?
Diltiazem, Verapamil
57
Captopril
Capoten *1st ACE-I marketed*
58
Enalapril
Enalaprilat, Vasotec
59
Lisinopril
Zestril
60
Benazepril
Lotensin
61
Quinapril
Acupril
62
Ramipril
Altace
63
How do ACE-Inhibitors work?
They inhibit the conversion of Angiotension 1 to Angiotensin 2 which decreased production in aldosterone
64
Biggest ADR forACE-I
Cough!! 1-6 weeks to start
65
Pt populations that ACE-I wont work on as well
African Americans
66
MOA of ARBs
Antagonist at AT1 receptors so Angiotensin cannot cause a decrease in BP
67
Irbesartan
Avapro
68
Losartan
Cozaar
69
Olmesartan Medoxomil
Benicar
70
Valsartan
Diovan
71
Which ARBs are good for pts resistant to ACEIs?
Los, Val, Cand
72
Hold diuretic for patients who are elderly, volume depleted, hyponatremic or have CHF
2-3 days before starting low dose ARB
73
MOA of Direct Renin Inhibitor
Directly prevents Renin from helping convert Angiotensinogen to Angiotensin 1
74
Aliskiren
Tekturna
75
Half life of Aliskiren
20-45 hours
76
Big ADR in Tekturna
Angioedema
77
Warnings for Direct Renin Inhibitor
Dont give with ACE & Arb with a person with diabetes because of risk of renal impairment. Avoid with ACE & ARB if GFR<60
78
Propranolol
Inderal
79
Metoprolol IR
Lopressor
80
Metoprolol
Toprol XL
81
Atenolol
Tenormin
82
Labetolol
Trandate
83
Esmolol
Brevibloc
84
Carvedilol
Coreg IR
85
Nebivolol
Bystolic
86
How do Beta blockers work?
They decrease renin production in the kidneys (decreased angiotensin/aldosteron), decreases peripheral resistance, decrease blood volume They decrease activity on their receptors in the heart, decrease CO
87
What are Beta blockers used for?
Angina, Tachyarrhytmia, tremor, migraine, hyperthyroidism
88
Which Beta-Blockers are Nonselective for B1&B2?
Propanolol
89
Which B-Blockers are cardioselective for B1?
Metoprolol, Atenolol,Esmolol
90
Which B-Blockers have additional A1 antagonist activity?
Labetolol, carvedilol

Cardio Exams (4 decks)

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