DVT, PE, PAD, PVD

Question 1

three factors are believed to pay a significant role in VTE are called:

Answer 1

Virchow’s Triad ( endothelial damage, venous stasis, altered coagulation)

Question 2

direct trauma to veins may occur with

Answer 2

fractures or dislocations, diseases of veins, chemical irriation of the vein from IV meds or solution

Question 3

Venous stasis occur due to

Answer 3

reduced blood flow, vein dilation, decreased skeletal muscle contraction

Question 4

formation of a thrombus frequently accompanies

Answer 4

phlebitis

Question 5

deep vein thrombosis clinical manifestataions

Answer 5

edema, swelling, warmth of the affected extremity,

Question 6

superficial vein thrombosis clinical manifestations

Answer 6

produce pain or tenderness, redness, warmth, risk of superficial venous thrombi becoming dislodged or fragmented is very low. condition can be treated at home with bed rest, elevation of the leg, anti-inflammatory meds

Question 7

who is at higher risk for developing DVT

Answer 7

those with vericose veins, neoplastic disease, hypercoagulation, CVD, recent injury, obesity, and oral contraceptives

Question 8

patient with DVT may complain of

Answer 8

feeling of heaviness, edema, increased temp in leg, tenderness

Question 9

preventative measures for VTE

Answer 9

compression stockings, encourage mobility and leg exercises, low molecular weight heparin. weight loss, regular exercise and smoking cessation

Question 10

True or False: Anticoagulants cannot dissolve a clot that has already formed

Answer 10

TRUE!!!

Question 11

anticoagulation therapy can

Answer 11

delay clotting time of blood, prevent formation of a thrombus, forestall the extension of thrombus after it has formed

Question 12

unfractioned heparin is..

Answer 12

administered SubQ to prevent the development of DVT, regulated by PTT

Question 13

low molecular weight heparin

Answer 13

prevent the extension of a thrombus or a formation of a new thrombi, associated with fewer bleeding complications

Question 14

Coumadin/ Warfarin antidote:

Answer 14

Vitamin K (used when there is an overdose or excess coumadin)

Question 15

Heparin Drip:

Answer 15

run a baseline PTT, normal time should be 30-45 seconds, goal is that it is 1.5 to 2X the normal/control.

Question 16

Antidote to Heparin:

Answer 16

Protamine sulfate

used to lower heparin

Question 17

when using coumadin:

Answer 17

check PT (prothrombin time), normal is 10-12 seconds, want it to be 1.5 to 2 X the control.

Question 18

monitor and manage patients for complications of anticoagulant therapy by

Answer 18

assessing for bleeding gums, nosebleeds, bruises, blood in urine.

Question 19

Oral and low doses of vitamin K reduce

Answer 19

INR

Question 20

because medications affect the action of anticoagulant meds, do not take any of the following meds without consulting a health care provider:

Answer 20

antibiotics, cold meds, aspirin, mineral oil, anti-inflammatory agents like motrin.

Question 21

Nursing Management of a DVT

Answer 21

elevation of affected extremity, graduated compression stocking, analgesic agents for pain relief, warm moist compacts on affected extremity can alleviate discomfort, bed exercises such as repetitive dorsiflexion of the foot

patient is encouraged to walk once they are on anticoagulant therapy

Question 22

early ambulation is most effective in preventing

Answer 22

venous stasis