DVT, PE, PAD, PVD Flashcards
three factors are believed to pay a significant role in VTE are called:
Virchow’s Triad ( endothelial damage, venous stasis, altered coagulation)
direct trauma to veins may occur with
fractures or dislocations, diseases of veins, chemical irriation of the vein from IV meds or solution
Venous stasis occur due to
reduced blood flow, vein dilation, decreased skeletal muscle contraction
formation of a thrombus frequently accompanies
phlebitis
deep vein thrombosis clinical manifestataions
edema, swelling, warmth of the affected extremity,
superficial vein thrombosis clinical manifestations
produce pain or tenderness, redness, warmth, risk of superficial venous thrombi becoming dislodged or fragmented is very low. condition can be treated at home with bed rest, elevation of the leg, anti-inflammatory meds
who is at higher risk for developing DVT
those with vericose veins, neoplastic disease, hypercoagulation, CVD, recent injury, obesity, and oral contraceptives
patient with DVT may complain of
feeling of heaviness, edema, increased temp in leg, tenderness
preventative measures for VTE
compression stockings, encourage mobility and leg exercises, low molecular weight heparin. weight loss, regular exercise and smoking cessation
True or False: Anticoagulants cannot dissolve a clot that has already formed
TRUE!!!
anticoagulation therapy can
delay clotting time of blood, prevent formation of a thrombus, forestall the extension of thrombus after it has formed
unfractioned heparin is..
administered SubQ to prevent the development of DVT, regulated by PTT
low molecular weight heparin
prevent the extension of a thrombus or a formation of a new thrombi, associated with fewer bleeding complications
Coumadin/ Warfarin antidote:
Vitamin K (used when there is an overdose or excess coumadin)
Heparin Drip:
run a baseline PTT, normal time should be 30-45 seconds, goal is that it is 1.5 to 2X the normal/control.
Antidote to Heparin:
Protamine sulfate
used to lower heparin
when using coumadin:
check PT (prothrombin time), normal is 10-12 seconds, want it to be 1.5 to 2 X the control.
monitor and manage patients for complications of anticoagulant therapy by
assessing for bleeding gums, nosebleeds, bruises, blood in urine.
Oral and low doses of vitamin K reduce
INR
because medications affect the action of anticoagulant meds, do not take any of the following meds without consulting a health care provider:
antibiotics, cold meds, aspirin, mineral oil, anti-inflammatory agents like motrin.
Nursing Management of a DVT
elevation of affected extremity, graduated compression stocking, analgesic agents for pain relief, warm moist compacts on affected extremity can alleviate discomfort, bed exercises such as repetitive dorsiflexion of the foot
patient is encouraged to walk once they are on anticoagulant therapy
early ambulation is most effective in preventing
venous stasis
