DVT/PE Flashcards
If a patient has a low clinical likelihood of DVT, what is the next step?
A) Perform an imaging test.
B) Measure D-dimer levels.
C) Diagnose as “No DVT.”
D) Refer for specialist evaluation.
Measure D-dimer levels.
If the D-dimer result is normal in a patient with low clinical likelihood of DVT, what is the diagnosis?
A) Imaging test needed.
B) No DVT.
C) Possible PE.
D) Repeat clinical assessment.
No DVT.
What should you do if a patient has a high D-dimer result and a low clinical likelihood of DVT?
A) Perform an imaging test.
B) Diagnose as “No DVT.”
C) Prescribe anticoagulation therapy.
D) Refer for surgery.
Perform an imaging test.
For PE, what is the next step if the clinical likelihood is not high?
A) Measure D-dimer levels.
B) Order imaging tests.
C) Diagnose as “No PE.”
D) Start anticoagulation treatment immediately.
Measure D-dimer levels.
In a patient with a high clinical likelihood of PE, what is the appropriate next step?
A) Perform imaging tests.
B) Measure D-dimer levels.
C) Rule out PE based on symptoms.
D) Monitor without intervention.
Perform imaging tests.
What is the most common genetic mutation associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE)?
A) Factor V Leiden
B) Prothrombin gene mutation
C) Protein C deficiency
D) Both A and B
Both A and B
Which naturally occurring coagulation inhibitors are associated with VTE when deficient?
A) Protein C, protein S, and antithrombin
B) Factor V, protein C, and fibrin
C) Prothrombin, fibrinogen, and protein S
D) Antithrombin, fibrinogen, and plasmin
Protein C, protein S, and antithrombin
Which of the following is NOT a clinical risk factor for VTE?
A) Estrogen-containing contraceptives
B) Long-haul air travel
C) High-protein diet
D) Obesity
High-protein diet
What increased likelihood of fatal PE is associated with every additional 2 hours of daily television watching?
A) 20%
B) 30%
C) 40%
D) 50%
40%
What is the MOST COMMON gas exchange abnormality in PE?
A) Decreased pulmonary compliance
B) Increased alveolar-arterial O2 tension gradient
C) Increased physiologic dead space
D) Alveolar hyperventilation
Increased alveolar-arterial O2 tension gradient
What is the most common symptom of DVT?
A) Unexplained breathlessness
B) Persistent lower calf cramp (“charley horse”)
C) Chest pain
D) Cyanosis
Persistent lower calf cramp (“charley horse”)
What is the primary diagnostic imaging modality for PE?
A) Lung scanning
B) Venous ultrasonography
C) Chest CT scan with intravenous contrast
D) Chest X-ray
Chest CT scan with intravenous contrast
Which chest X-ray sign is associated with PE?
A) McConnell’s sign
B) Westermark’s sign
C) Rouleaux formation
D) Hampton’s hump
Westermark’s sign and D) Hampton’s hump (both are correct)
* Westermark’s sign - Focal oligemia
* Hampton’s hump - a peripheral wedge-shaped density usually located at the pleural base
* Palla’s sign - an enlarged right descending pulmonary artery
* McConnell’s sign - best-known indirect sign of PE on transthoracic echocardiography
* hypokinesis of the RV free wall with normal or hyperkinetic motion of the RV apex
Which of the following medications requires laboratory monitoring?
A) Fondaparinux
B) Warfarin
C) Rivaroxaban
D) Apixaban
Warfarin
What is the first-line vasopressor for treating PE-related shock?
A) Dobutamine
B) Dopamine
C) Norepinephrine
D) Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
