Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CVS Pathology > DVT and PTE > Flashcards

DVT and PTE Flashcards

1
Q

What does DVT stand for?

A

Deep vein thrombosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does PE stand for?

A

Pulmonary embolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the parts of virchows triad?

A

Stasis
Hypercoagulability
Vessel damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Examples of cause of stasis

A

Bed rest

Travel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Examples of causes of hypercoagulability

A

Pregnancy

Trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Example of vessel damage

A

Atherosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Examples of VTE

A 
Limb DVT
PE
Visceral VT
Intracranial VT
Superficial thrombophlebitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Features of a venous thrombus

A

Red thrombus

Fibrin and red cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does a venous thrombus result in?

A

Back pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are venous thrombus principally due to?

A

Stasis

Hypercoagulability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Features of arterial thrombus

A

White clot

Platelets and fibrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does arterial thrombus result in?

A

Ischaemia

Infarction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are arterial thrombus principally secondary to?

A

Atherosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Presentation of DVT

A 
Unilateral limb swelling
Persisting discomfort 
Calf tenderness
Warmth 
Erythema 
May be clinically silent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Presentation of PE

A

Pleuritic chest pain
Dyspnoea
Haemoptysis
Tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What would you hear on auscultation of a PE?

A

Pleural rub

17
Q

Features of pleuritic chest pain

A

Sharp

On inspiration

18
Q

Presentation of massive PE

A 
Severe SOB
Collapse
Cyanosis (blue lips and tongue)
Tachycardia
Low BP
Raised JVP
Altered heart sounds
May cause sudden death
19
Q

Potential long term consequence of PE

A

Most recover fully

Pulmonary HTN

20
Q

Risk factors for VTE

A 
Increasing age 
Tissue trauma 
Immobility
Obesity 
Pregnancy
Exogenous oestrogen 
Smoking
Cancer
Inheritance
Long haul travel
(ALL CAUSING STASIS/HYPERCOAGULABILITY)
21
Q

Examples of exogenous oestrogen

A

OCP

HRT

22
Q

What is heritable thrombophilia?

A

An inherited predisposition to venous thrombosis

23
Q

Most common type of heritable thrombophilia

A

Factor V Leiden

24
Q

Long haul travel risk with VTE is increased in who?

A 
Short
Tall 
Overweight 
Women on OCP
Window seats
25
Q

Investigations for DVT

A

Clinical
D dimer
Compression USS

26
Q

What score is done for clinical probability assessment for DVT and PE?

A

Wells score

27
Q

What does the wells score look at?

A 
Active cancer
Paralysis / plaster 
Bed > 3 days / surgery within 4 weeks
Tender veins
Entire leg swelling
Calf swelling > 3 cm 
Pitting oedema
Collateral veins
Alternative diagnosis likely (-2)
(All rest 1 each)
28
Q

Score of wells score

A

Low (0 or less) - approx. 3 % risk
Moderate (1 or 2) - approx. 17% risk
High (3 or more) - approx. 75% risk

29
Q

Investigations for PE

A 
Clinical assessment
D dimer 
Isotope ventilation 
Perfusion scan (V/Q)
CT pulmonary angiogram (CTPA)
30
Q

Prevention of VTE in hospital

A

Early mobilisation
Anti embolism stockings
Daily injections of LWMH

31
Q

Indications of graduated compression stockings

A 
Prevention of DVT
Chronic venous insufficiency 
Varicose veins
Oedema
Lymphoedema 
Prevention of post phlebitic syndrome
32
Q

Treatment of VTE

A

DOAC (apixaban or rivaroxaban) 1st for 5 or more days
Then oral anticoagulant (warfarin) for 3 months
Thrombolysis for massive PE
(Vena caval filter)

33
Q

Massive PE + what = thrombolyse?

A

Hypotension

34
Q

Patients taking warfarin should avoid what?

A

Foods high in vitamin K

  • sprouts
  • broccoli
  • kale
  • spinach
35
Q

ECG changes with PE

A

Sinus tachycardia

S1Q3T3 (only 10%)

36
Q

Describe S1Q3T3

A

Deep S waves in I
Pathological Q waves in III
Inverted T waves in III

37
Q

What does S1Q3T3 indicate?

A

Right heart strain

38
Q

What is a CTPA contraindicated in?

A

Renal impairment

Allergy to the contrast media

39
Q

What would the ABG show in a PE?

A

Respiratory alkalosis

CVS Pathology (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions