DVT

Question 1

1.Q: What is the first pathological stage of DVT?

Answer 1

A: Initiation (Thrombus Formation Begins)
• Triggered by Virchow’s triad: stasis, endothelial injury, hypercoagulability
• Platelet adhesion and activation of coagulation cascade
• Formation of initial fibrin-platelet clot on vessel wall

Question 2

2. Q: What happens during the propagation stage of DVT?

Answer 2

A: Thrombus grows in size along the vein

Fibrin, red blood cells, and platelets accumulate
“Red thrombus” forms, potentially causing partial or full vein occlusion
Risk of distal extension (especially in deep leg veins)

Question 3

3. Q: What is the complication stage of DVT?

Answer 3

A: Embolisation (Part of the clot dislodges)

Thrombus fragment breaks off → becomes a venous thromboembolism (VTE)
Travels through venous system to lungs → causes pulmonary embolism (PE)

Question 4

4. Q: What are the two possible outcomes of the resolution stage of DVT?

Answer 4

A: Fibrinolysis or Organisation

Fibrinolysis: Body breaks down the clot via plasmin → recanalisation
Organisation: Fibroblasts invade clot → fibrosis and scarring
Can lead to post-thrombotic syndrome or chronic venous insufficiency

Question 5

5. Q: What three main mechanisms make up Virchow’s Triad?

Answer 5

A:
1. Venous stasis
2. Endothelial injury
3. Hypercoagulability