Dusík Flashcards

1
Q

V jakych dvou formach se vyskytuje

A

Volny a vazany

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2
Q

V cem je volny dusik

A

3 % v lidskem tele proteiny
78% ve vzduchu

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3
Q

V cem je vazany dusik

A

Chilsky ledek - nano3
Draselny ledek - kno3 (sanytr)
Biogenni prvek (atp, hormony, enzymy)

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4
Q

Jakou vazbu ma

A

Trojnou - kratka a pevna
Proto je nereaktivni

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5
Q

Priprava dusiku

A

Termickym rozpadem dusitanu amonneho

Nh4no2->n2+2h2o

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6
Q

Vyroba dusiku

A

Frakcni destilaci zkapalneneho vzduchu
Vzduch o teplote -190 stupnu

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7
Q

Fyzikalni vlastnosti

A

Bezbarvy, bez chuti, bez zapachu
Dvouatomove molekuly
Nepodporuje horeni
Lze zkapalnit
Obaluje potraviny

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8
Q

Haber-boshova synteza

A

3h2+n2->2nh3
Katalyzatory: vysoky tlak a teplota, fe, al2o3

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9
Q

Co je katalyza

A

Reakce s katalyzatorem

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10
Q

Co je heterogenni reakce

A

Reaktanty a katalyzator maji ruzne skupenstvi

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11
Q

Vyuziti dusiku

A

Ochranna atmosfera pri vyrobe zeleza/oceli
Cpavek, hno3
Smes s argonem pro vypln zarovek
Baleni potravin a leku
Kapalny dusik v lekarstvi (vypalovani bradavic)
Ocelove lahve se zelenym pruhem
Skokove zmrazeni krve

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12
Q

Reakce cpavku s vodou

A

Zasadita reakce
Nh3+h2o->nh4+ + oh-

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13
Q

Vyuziti cpavku

A

Vyroba hno3
Dusikata hnojiva
Vyroba sody solvaovym zpusobem
Vybusniny
Chladici medium
Nylon

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14
Q

Jakou vazbu tvori amonny kation

A

Donor-akceptorovou

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15
Q

Tvorba amonneho kationu

A

Nh3+h+->nh4+

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16
Q

Co jsou amonne soli

A

Pevne krystalicke latky, obsahuji amonny kation nh4+

17
Q

Priprava amonnych soli

A

Zavadenim amoniaku do roztoku dane kyseliny

Nh3+hcl->nh4cl

18
Q

Priklady amonnych soli + vyuziti

A

Nh4no3 - hnojivo, vybusniny
Nh4cl - salmiak, elektrolyt v suchych clancich
(Nh4)2so4 - prum hnojivo
(Nh4)2s - vyznamne v analytice

19
Q

Rajsky plyn

A

N2o
Anestetikum

20
Q

NO

A

Ve vyfukovych plynech
Bezbarvy
Oxiduje na no2

21
Q

No2

A

Hnedocerveny plyn
Pri spalovani pohonnych hmot
Skodlivy pro zdravi
Podil na vzniku kyselych destu

22
Q

S cim dobre reaguje hno3

A

S uslechtilymi kovy

23
Q

Vyroba hno3

A
  1. 4nh3+5o2->4no+6h2o
  2. 2no+o2->2no2
  3. 3no2+h2o->2hno3+no
24
Q

Vyuziti hno3

A

Hnojiva nh4no3
Vybusniny na tezbu
Vyroba leciv
Vyroba barviv

25
Q

Lucavka kralovska vzorec

A

Hno3:3hcl

26
Q

Obracena lucavka

A

3hno3:hcl
Lucavka leffortova

27
Q

Co dela lucavka kralovska

A

Rozpousti zlato a platinu

28
Q

Strelny prach

A

2kno3->2kno2+o2
C+o2->co2
S+o2->so2