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Chemie > Chalkogeny, sira > Flashcards

Chalkogeny, sira Flashcards

1
Q

Skupenstvi kysliku
Siry
Selenu
Telluru
Polonia

A

Nekov
Nekov
Polokov
Polokov
Kov

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2
Q

Obecna el konfigurace chalkogenu

A

ne2np4

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3
Q

Co je ruda?

A

Nerost obsahujici kov

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4
Q

V cem se chalkogeny rozpousteji?

A

V nepolarnich rozpoustedlech (ve vode krom kysliku nerozpustne)

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5
Q

Jak roste elektronegativita u chalkogenu

A

Od polonia ke kysliku (nahoru)

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6
Q

Kde se vyskytuje polonium a co to je

A

Radioaktivni kov
V uranove rude

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7
Q

Kdo objevil polonium?

A

Marie Curie Sklodowska

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8
Q

Oxidacni cislo disulfidu

A

-I

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9
Q

Co je alotropie?

A

Sira se vyskytuje v zavislosti na vnejsich podminkach v nekolika krystalovych strukturach

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10
Q

Jak se nazyvaji jednotlive krystalove struktury

A

Altropicke modifikace

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11
Q

Kde je sira nejvice volne v prirode

A

Oblasti sopek, sopecnych plynech

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12
Q

Kde se vyskytuje vazana sira

A

Sulfidy sirany org slouceniny

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13
Q

Pyrit

A

FeS2

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14
Q

Chalkopyrit

A

CuFeS2

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15
Q

Baryt

A

BaSO4

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16
Q

Rumelka= cinabarit

A

HgS

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17
Q

Sfalerit

A

ZnS

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18
Q

Galenit

A

PbS

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19
Q

Glauerova sul

A

Na2SO4*10h2o

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20
Q

Sadrovec

A

CaSO4*2h2o

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21
Q

Fyzikalni vlastnosti siry

A

Zluta krystalicka latka

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22
Q

V cem se rozpousti sira

A

Nerozpustna ve vode
Rozpustna v sirouhliku CS2

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23
Q

V jakych krystalovych strukturach se sira vyskytuje

A

Kosoctvercova (t<=95,6)
Jednoklonna 95,6-119
Zkapalneni 119+

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24
Q

Amorfni formy siry a jak vznikaji

A

Plasticka sira: prudkym ochlazenim zkapalnene siry, pruzna a tvarna

Sirny kvet: vznika ochlazenim sirnych par

25
Q

Jake reakce jsou casto s kovy a sirou

A

Exotermicka

26
Q

Jak se ziskava sira?

A

Frashovou metodou
V podzemnich loziscich se roztavi vodnimi parami a vytlacuje se nahoru

Tezba kvalitni siry 99,6%

27
Q

Uziti siry

A

Vyroba h2so4
Herbicidy
Vulkanizace kaucuku vyteka latex=> chceme spojit sirou = PRYZ
Sirky (na krabicce cerveny fosfor)
Strelny prach kno3
Sirouhlik cs2

28
Q

Co je h2s

A

Pachnouci jedovaty plyn (nevznikaj vodikove mustky)

29
Q

Vlastnosti h2s

A

Bezbarvy
Pachne po zkazenych vejcich
Dobre rozpustny ve vode

30
Q

Jak vznika h2s

A

Rozpadem bilkovin

31
Q

Kde se vyskytuje h2s

A

V sopecnych plynech a mineralnich vodach

32
Q

Priprava h2s

A

1) prima synteza: h2+s-> h2s
2)pusobenim vodnych roztoku neoxidujicich kyselin na sulfidy kovu
ZnS+2HCl->h2s+zncl2

33
Q

Jake vlastnosti ma h2s

A

Redukcni
Oxidovan halogeny nebo k dusicnou

34
Q

Vyuziti h2s

A

Analyticka chemie - cinidlo pro analyzu iontu kovu
Lze vysrazet nerozpustne sulfidy
Hutnictvi
Organicka synteza

35
Q

Co je sirouhlik

A

Nepolarni rozpoustedlo (sira,sirny kvet)

36
Q

Co je so2

A

Bezbarvy plyn ostry drazdivy zapach

37
Q

Vlastnosti so2

A

Nepodporuje horeni
Rozpustny ve vode
Kysele deste so2+h2o->h2so3

38
Q

Vyroba so2

A

1) spalovani siry na vzduchu s+o2->so2
2) prazeni pyritu 4fes2+11o2->8so2+2fe2o3

39
Q

Reaktivita so2

A

Reaktivni s redukcnimi ucinky ale i ox ucinky

40
Q

Uziti so2

A

Vyroba h2so4
Vyroba celulozy
Sireni sudu na vino
Beleni vlny a hedvabi
Kysele deste (nici jehlicnany, nici vegetaci, koroze kovu)
Hnede a cerne uhli s+o2->so2

41
Q

Vyroba so3

A

2so2+o2->2so3

42
Q

Reakce so3 s vodou

A

So3+h2o->h2so4

43
Q

Co je kyselina siricita

A

H2so3
Slaba dvojsytna kyselina

44
Q

Vyroba h2so3

A

Rozpoustenim so2 ve vode

45
Q

Soli k siricite

A

Siricitany (snadno oxiduji na sirany)
Hydrogensiricitany

46
Q

Priprava h2so4

A

Pohlcovani oxidu siroveho ve vode
So3+h2o->h2so4

47
Q

Vlastnosti sirovky

A

Vysoka afinita ve vode
Dehydratacni ucinky
Hygroskopicka pohlcuje vodni pary

48
Q

S cim reaguje sirovka

A

S uslechtilymi kovy koncentrovana
Cu+h2so4->cuso4+so2+h2o

Zredena i s neuslechtilymi kovy
Zn+h2so4->znso4+h2 (dukaz vodiku)

49
Q

Uziti h2so4

A

Baterie do auta
Leciva barviva
Textil
Zpracovani ropy
Vybusniny
Plastove trubky, vyroba plastu
Okyselovani potravin
Hnojiva

50
Q

Jake h2so4 tvori sirany

A

Sirany So4 nebo hyrogensirany hso4

51
Q

Vlastnosti siranu

A

Dobre rozpustne ve vode krome ca,mg,pb,baso4 (nejdou do krve)

52
Q

Baso4

A

Rentgenovani zaludku
Nerozpustny ve vode
Neni jedovaty
Baryova kase

53
Q

Cuso4*5h2o

A

Modra skalice
Kysele ph
Dezinfekce, bazeny, osetreni seminek proti hlodavcum
Emetikum

54
Q

Feso4*7h2o

A

Zelena skalice
Nazery dreva proti hnilobe skudcum

55
Q

Sadrovec

A

Caso4*2h2o

56
Q

Sadra

A

Caso4*1/2h2o
Pri 150 stupnich cista sadra

57
Q

Vyroba h2so4 v kontaktu s katalyzatorem v2o5

A
  1. Priprava so2 (oxidace siry nebo prazeni pyritu)
  2. Oxidace so2 na so3 pomoci katalyzatoru v2o5
    V2o5+so2->2vo2+so3
    2vo2+1/2o2-> v2o5
    2so2+o2-> 2so3
  3. So3 se pohlti v predpripravene h2so4
    So3+h2so4->h2s2o7 oleum
  4. Oleum se redi vodou
    H2s2o7+h2o->2h2so4

96% kyselina

58
Q

S cim sira nereaguje a reguje

A

Nereaguje s pt,au,ir,te,n

Reaguje s hno3
2Hno3+s->h2so4+2no

Chemie (4 decks)

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