duress Flashcards
r v howe
duress can be used as a defence to all except murder
r v gotts
it cannot be used against murder
r v hasan
created the elements
r v valderrama
the threat of disclosing his sexuality wasn’t enough for duress but there was also death threats so he was successful
r v graham
two part test
1) did they believe the threat
2) would the sober person of reason or firmness sharing the same characteristics react the same way
r v bowen
low iq isn’t relevant
r v cole
the threat must be directly related to the crime
r v sharp
when a person joins a gang and know they’re going to be subjected to pressure they’ve put themselves into it
r v shepard
if the defendant is not an active member they can reply on the denver of duress