Duplex Scanning & Color Flow of the UE

Question 1

3 purposes of duplex scanning and color flow imaging of the upper extremities

Answer 1

1. localized arterial stenosis or occlusion
2. evaluates degree of stenosis, surgery, treatment
3. determines the presence or absence of aneurysms

Question 2

3 limitations of duplex scanning and color flow imaging of the upper extremities

Answer 2

1. dressings, staples, sutures, open wounds
2. IV sites
3. grafts

Question 3

when scanning the upper extremities, the arms should be positioned at a ____ degree angle from body

Answer 3

45 degree angle from the body

Question 4

the main use for duplex and color flow in the upper extremities is to evaluate ___

Answer 4

hemodialysis access grafts

Question 5

7 steps to evaluating a hemodialysis access graft

Answer 5

1. identify & evaluate inflow artery
2. identify & evaluate arterial anastomosis
3. identify & evaluate the body of the graft
4. observe for abnormalities
5. observe color flow imaging
6. identify & evaluate venous anastomosis
7. identify & evaluate outflow vein

Question 6

Brescia-Cimino fistulas connect

Answer 6

radial artery and cephalic vein

Question 7

the 2 most common sites for stenosis in the upper extremities

Answer 7

venous anastomosis
outflow vein

Question 8

what is “steal syndrome”

Answer 8

distal arterial (high pressure) blood flow is reversed into the low pressure venous side of the dialysis access

Question 9

if blood flow improves when applying manual pressure against the dialysis access graft that indicates

Answer 9

steal

Question 10

if blood flow stays the same when applying manual pressure against the dialysis access graft that indicates

Answer 10

not a steal

Question 11

___ utilizes duplex imaging to evaluate endothelial function

Answer 11

brachial artery reactivity testing

Question 12

brachial artery reactivity testing measures the degree to which the brachial artery dilates in response to ___

Answer 12

reactive hyperemia

Question 13

a positive result of the brachial artery reactivity test shows

Answer 13

higher to normal incidence of long term coronary events

Question 14

a patient should be ____ and positioned ___ during a brachial artery reactivity test

Answer 14

fasting
supine

Question 15

during a brachial artery reactivity test, the reactive hyperemia is caused by

Answer 15

inflating cuff to 250mmHg for 5 minutes

Question 16

during a brachial artery reactivity test, the upper arm brachial artery diameter should increase

Answer 16

≥ 10%

Question 17

during a brachial artery reactivity test, the forearm brachial artery diameter should increase

Answer 17

≥ 6%

Question 18

what are two grafts that are used in the upper extremities?

Answer 18

straight synthetic graph
looped synthetic graph