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Duncan > duncans pediatric > Flashcards

duncans pediatric Flashcards

1
Q

“stand tall”

A

getting down to child’s level

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2
Q

How important is it when performing, say a pelvic x-ray on an adolescent (female and male alike), to respect their wishes to be kept fully covered?

A

primary consideration is body awareness, ask for permission

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3
Q

What is hypothermia? Why are neonates more susceptible to hypothermia? What can you do to prevent hypothermia of a neonate in your care?

A

low body temperature, rapid heat loss.

to prevent: warm temperature, dry neonate, swaddling full-term or placing in a polyethylene bag.

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4
Q

age of 12 months, what do they begin to develop at this age?

A

memories, ideas and feelings

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5
Q

As an effective strategy, what physical position should one assume when communicating with a young child as part of a radiographic exam?

A

kneel down to eye level and lower voice

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6
Q

What are some of the characteristic preferences of a developing infant?

A

hold in familiar position, involve parent, touch, objects, talk, etc.

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7
Q

Two main areas of problems in radiographer confidence

A

Communication skills

Immobilization techniques

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8
Q

Neonate

birth to 1 month

A 
The first stage of human growth & development
Basic need for :
Warmth
Food
Security
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9
Q

Infant (1 month to year)

1 month to 6 months

A
  • Infant to 6 months = warmth, security, and nourishment
  • Do not distinguish among caregivers
  • Startled by loud stimuli
  • Comforted by pacifier and familiar objects
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10
Q

infant

6 to 1 year

A
  • parent participation
  • fear of lab coat
  • never leave unattended
  • cushion exam table
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11
Q

Preschoolers

3 to 5 yrs.

A

let them know what to expect, they respond to praise
cooperate “camera”
wont hold for too long

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12
Q

School-Aged Children
(Middle childhood)
5 to 10 yrs.

A

fear of failure
ideal age for inexperienced radiographers
they think logically

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13
Q

Adolescents

10 to 18 yrs.

A

body awareness
modesty, embarrassment
pregnancy

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14
Q

Toddlers

1 to 3 yrs.

A

fearful of pain, separation from parents, and limitations in movement

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15
Q

Special Needs Patients

A

consider age and behavior

if do not work talk to parents

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16
Q

autism spectrum disorders

ASD

A

difficulty with social interactions
problems with verbal and non-verbal
repetitive behaviors, obsessives interest

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17
Q

autism questionaries’

A

sensitive to light?
defensive or sensitive to touch? loud noises?
cool or cold situations?
objects for distraction?

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18
Q

patients with ASD

A

try to give them the 1st or last appointment

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19
Q

tips for ASD patients

A

sing a song, use toys, tone of voice, be specific, etc.

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20
Q

radiation protection

A

always shield
use minimum radiation dose
precise collimation

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21
Q

BERT

A

background equivalent radiation time

equates a particular exam based radiation dose to equivalent radiation dose received from natural background.

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22
Q

BERT advantages

A
  • patient readily understands it
  • not mention radiation risk
  • educates patient that we live in natural radiation background
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23
Q

hold patient

A

last resort

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24
Q

abdomen projection in children

A

2: supine and an image to show fluid levels

upright better for comfort for younger than 2-3 years old

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25
Q

pigg-o-stat

A

modified with seat raised to suit upright abdomen

26
Q

immobilization

A

san bags over arms
velcro-strips around knees
band in feet

27
Q

neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis

A

supine and lateral decubitus to rule out air fluid levels of bowels obstruction

28
Q

intussusception

A

invagination or telescoping of the bowel into itself, most common small intestine obstruction in infant-toddler group

29
Q

bowel perforation

A

ruled out with horizontal beam image

30
Q

soft tissue mass

A

prone or left side down decubitus instead supine

31
Q

pneumatic enema

A

under fluoroscopy guidance, it reduced risk for peritonitis in event of a perforation

32
Q

pneumoperitoneum

A

intraperitoneal air/ gas is more commonly the result of perforation of the hollow viscera

33
Q

diagnosis of pneumoperitoneum

A

cross-table lateral, horizontal beam projection

when free air suspected: decubitus

34
Q

bunny technique

A

arms are left free and are raised above the head to prevent superimposition of esophagus

35
Q

VCUG

A

voiding cyst urethrogram

36
Q

chest projection

A

most frequently ordered
consider pigg-o-stat
mastoid tips to 2 inches above iliac crest

37
Q

baby box

A

for immobilizing and positioning with minimal discomfort, nude from waist up (0-12 months)

38
Q

salter harris

A

1/3of all skeletal injuries
epiphyseal growth plates
wrist and ankle

39
Q

plastic or bow

A

bones bow without breaking

40
Q

greenstick

A

one cortex of bone’ diaphysis breaks and side remains intact

41
Q

torus

A

type of greenstick which load of bone is in same direction as diaphysis, causing cortex fall back on itself

42
Q

toddler fracture

A

subtle, nondisplaced, oblique fracture of distal tibia

9 months to 3 y/o

43
Q

supracondylar fracture

A

most common elbow fracture

44
Q

synostosis

A

fusion of 2 bones, it can be normal or anormal

45
Q

craniosynostosis

A

premature closure of one or more cranial sutures.

46
Q

cranial radiography

A

bunny method

47
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

autosomal recessive disorder of exocrine system

48
Q

developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)

A

malformation of the acetabulum in utero result of fetal position

49
Q

OI

A

imperfectly form bone, rare heritable or congenital disease of skeletal system

50
Q

OI type 1

A

most common and mildest form

51
Q

OI type 2

A

most severe

52
Q

OI type 3

A

improperly formed collagen, bone deformation

53
Q

OI type 4

A

moderately severe

54
Q

osteochondroma

A

1 of 3 types, does not appear till second year of life

tumor growing in bone shaft

55
Q

aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC)

A

unknown etiology

preponderance in females

56
Q

osteoid osteoma

A

small, benign, ovoid tumor rarely exceeding 1 cm diameter

most commonly in tibia, femur

57
Q

osteosarcoma

A

most common of the primary malignant tumors

-second decade of life, center of metaphysis

58
Q

ewing sarcoma

A

2nd most common tumor in children

-ilium, femurs, humerus

59
Q

pneumonia

A

most common type of lung infection, resulting in inflammation

60
Q

progeria

A

rare combination of dwarfism and premature aging, also known as Hutchison-Gilford

61
Q

Over age 8

A

child seeks autonomy and independence

62
Q

Policy on IV line management

A

Often required to call a nurse or for nurse to accompany a pediatric patient with an IV

Duncan (3 decks)

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