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duncans pediatric Flashcards

1
Q

“stand tall”

A

getting down to child’s level

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2
Q

How important is it when performing, say a pelvic x-ray on an adolescent (female and male alike), to respect their wishes to be kept fully covered?

A

primary consideration is body awareness, ask for permission

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3
Q

What is hypothermia? Why are neonates more susceptible to hypothermia? What can you do to prevent hypothermia of a neonate in your care?

A

low body temperature, rapid heat loss.

to prevent: warm temperature, dry neonate, swaddling full-term or placing in a polyethylene bag.

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4
Q

age of 12 months, what do they begin to develop at this age?

A

memories, ideas and feelings

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5
Q

As an effective strategy, what physical position should one assume when communicating with a young child as part of a radiographic exam?

A

kneel down to eye level and lower voice

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6
Q

What are some of the characteristic preferences of a developing infant?

A

hold in familiar position, involve parent, touch, objects, talk, etc.

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7
Q

Two main areas of problems in radiographer confidence

A

Communication skills

Immobilization techniques

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8
Q

Neonate

birth to 1 month

A 
The first stage of human growth & development
Basic need for :
Warmth
Food
Security
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9
Q

Infant (1 month to year)

1 month to 6 months

A
  • Infant to 6 months = warmth, security, and nourishment
  • Do not distinguish among caregivers
  • Startled by loud stimuli
  • Comforted by pacifier and familiar objects
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10
Q

infant

6 to 1 year

A
  • parent participation
  • fear of lab coat
  • never leave unattended
  • cushion exam table
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11
Q

Preschoolers

3 to 5 yrs.

A

let them know what to expect, they respond to praise
cooperate “camera”
wont hold for too long

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12
Q

School-Aged Children
(Middle childhood)
5 to 10 yrs.

A

fear of failure
ideal age for inexperienced radiographers
they think logically

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13
Q

Adolescents

10 to 18 yrs.

A

body awareness
modesty, embarrassment
pregnancy

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14
Q

Toddlers

1 to 3 yrs.

A

fearful of pain, separation from parents, and limitations in movement

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15
Q

Special Needs Patients

A

consider age and behavior

if do not work talk to parents

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16
Q

autism spectrum disorders

ASD

A

difficulty with social interactions
problems with verbal and non-verbal
repetitive behaviors, obsessives interest

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17
Q

autism questionaries’

A

sensitive to light?
defensive or sensitive to touch? loud noises?
cool or cold situations?
objects for distraction?

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18
Q

patients with ASD

A

try to give them the 1st or last appointment

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19
Q

tips for ASD patients

A

sing a song, use toys, tone of voice, be specific, etc.

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20
Q

radiation protection

A

always shield
use minimum radiation dose
precise collimation

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21
Q

BERT

A

background equivalent radiation time

equates a particular exam based radiation dose to equivalent radiation dose received from natural background.

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22
Q

BERT advantages

A
  • patient readily understands it
  • not mention radiation risk
  • educates patient that we live in natural radiation background
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23
Q

hold patient

A

last resort

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24
Q

abdomen projection in children

A

2: supine and an image to show fluid levels

upright better for comfort for younger than 2-3 years old

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25
pigg-o-stat
modified with seat raised to suit upright abdomen
26
immobilization
san bags over arms velcro-strips around knees band in feet
27
neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis
supine and lateral decubitus to rule out air fluid levels of bowels obstruction
28
intussusception
invagination or telescoping of the bowel into itself, most common small intestine obstruction in infant-toddler group
29
bowel perforation
ruled out with horizontal beam image
30
soft tissue mass
prone or left side down decubitus instead supine
31
pneumatic enema
under fluoroscopy guidance, it reduced risk for peritonitis in event of a perforation
32
pneumoperitoneum
intraperitoneal air/ gas is more commonly the result of perforation of the hollow viscera
33
diagnosis of pneumoperitoneum
cross-table lateral, horizontal beam projection | when free air suspected: decubitus
34
bunny technique
arms are left free and are raised above the head to prevent superimposition of esophagus
35
VCUG
voiding cyst urethrogram
36
chest projection
most frequently ordered consider pigg-o-stat mastoid tips to 2 inches above iliac crest
37
baby box
for immobilizing and positioning with minimal discomfort, nude from waist up (0-12 months)
38
salter harris
1/3of all skeletal injuries epiphyseal growth plates wrist and ankle
39
plastic or bow
bones bow without breaking
40
greenstick
one cortex of bone' diaphysis breaks and side remains intact
41
torus
type of greenstick which load of bone is in same direction as diaphysis, causing cortex fall back on itself
42
toddler fracture
subtle, nondisplaced, oblique fracture of distal tibia | 9 months to 3 y/o
43
supracondylar fracture
most common elbow fracture
44
synostosis
fusion of 2 bones, it can be normal or anormal
45
craniosynostosis
premature closure of one or more cranial sutures.
46
cranial radiography
bunny method
47
cystic fibrosis
autosomal recessive disorder of exocrine system
48
developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)
malformation of the acetabulum in utero result of fetal position
49
OI
imperfectly form bone, rare heritable or congenital disease of skeletal system
50
OI type 1
most common and mildest form
51
OI type 2
most severe
52
OI type 3
improperly formed collagen, bone deformation
53
OI type 4
moderately severe
54
osteochondroma
1 of 3 types, does not appear till second year of life | tumor growing in bone shaft
55
aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC)
unknown etiology | preponderance in females
56
osteoid osteoma
small, benign, ovoid tumor rarely exceeding 1 cm diameter | most commonly in tibia, femur
57
osteosarcoma
most common of the primary malignant tumors | -second decade of life, center of metaphysis
58
ewing sarcoma
2nd most common tumor in children | -ilium, femurs, humerus
59
pneumonia
most common type of lung infection, resulting in inflammation
60
progeria
rare combination of dwarfism and premature aging, also known as Hutchison-Gilford
61
Over age 8
child seeks autonomy and independence
62
Policy on IV line management
Often required to call a nurse or for nurse to accompany a pediatric patient with an IV

Duncan (3 decks)

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