dubin c

Question 1

paroxysmal tachycardia

Answer 1

tachyarrhythmia from 150 to 250 bpm

Question 2

flutter

Answer 2

tachyarrhythmia from 250 to 350 bpm

Question 3

fibrillation

Answer 3

tachyarrhythmia from 350 to 450 bpm

Question 4

paroxysmal tachycardia

Answer 4

a very irritable automaticity focus suddenly paces rapidly (atrial, junctional, ventricular)

Question 5

paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT)

Answer 5

rate range from 150 to 250 bpm, P’ waves that do not look like sinus generated P waves, normall appearing cycles

Question 6

PAT with AV block

Answer 6

more than one P’ wave spike for every QRS complex, suspect digitalis excess or toxicity, atrial foci are very sensitive to digitalis

Question 7

paroxysmal junctional tachycardia (PJT)

Answer 7

rate range from 150 to 250, may depolarize atria from below in retrograde fashion with inverted P’ wave before, after, or buried within each QRS complex, may be widened QRS

Question 8

AV nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT)

Answer 8

type of junctional tachycardia, a continuous reentry circuit develops and rapidly paces the atria and ventricles

Question 9

paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)

Answer 9

includes PAT and PJT, all foci above ventricles

Question 10

paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia (PVT)

Answer 10

rate range from 150 to 250, characteristic pattern of enormous, consecutive PVC-like complexes, SA node still paces the atria,

Question 11

fusion beat

Answer 11

a blending on the EKG of a normal QRS with a PVC-like complex, confirms the diagnosis of VT

Question 12

torsades de pointes

Answer 12

peculiar form of very rapid ventricular rhythm caused by low potassium, medications that block potassium, or congenital abnormalities, lengthen the QT segment, rate between 250 and 350 bmp, usually in brief episodes, outline looks like a twisted ribbon

Question 13

atrial flutter

Answer 13

extremely irritable atrial automaticity focus fires at 250 to 350 bpm, producing a rapid series of atrial depolarizations,identified by inverting tracing or vagal maneuvers

Question 14

ventricular flutter

Answer 14

rate range of 250 to 350 bpm, produced by a single ventricular automaticity focus, produces a rapid series of smooth sine-waves of similar amplitude, ventricles dont have time to fill, rapidly becomes deadly

Question 15

Atrial fibrillation (AF)

Answer 15

rate range of 350 to 450 bpm, caused by many irritable parasystolic atrial foci, rapid erratic atrial rhythm with irregular ventricular response, may just look like irregular baseline with irregular QRS complexes

Question 16

ventricular fibrillation

Answer 16

rate range of 350 to 450 bpm, caused by rapid-rate discharges from many irritable, parasystolic ventricular automaticity foci, erratic, rapid twitching of ventricles, no effective cardiac output

Question 17

cardiac standstill (asystole)

Answer 17

occurs when there is no detectable cardiac activity on EKG, rare, the SA node and the escape mechanisms of all the foci at all levels are unable to assume pacing responsibility

Question 18

pulseless electrical activity (PEA)

Answer 18

present when a dying heart produces weak signs of electrical activity on EKG but the heart cannot respond mechanically (no detectable pulse)

Question 19

automated external defibrillator (AED)

Answer 19

small portable unit for defibrillation

Question 20

implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)

Answer 20

implanted under skin delivers shock if needed automatically