Dubin 2a

Question 1

parasystolic

Answer 1

when an automaticity foci has an entrance block, and paces but cannot be overdrive suppressed

Question 2

irregular rhythms

Answer 2

usually caused by multiple active automaticity sites

Question 3

entrance block

Answer 3

blocks incoming depolarization in automaticity foci, cannot be overdrive suppresed

Question 4

wandering pacemaker

Answer 4

an irregular rhythm produced by the pacemaker activity wandering from the SA Node to nearby atrial automaticity foci

Question 5

wandering pacemaker

Answer 5

p’ wave shape varies, atrial rate less than 100, irregular ventricular rhythm

Question 6

P’ wave

Answer 6

atrial depolarization by an automaticity focus, as opposed to normal sinus-paced p waves

Question 7

multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT)

Answer 7

irregular rhythm, p’ wave shape varies, atrial rate exceeds 100, irregular ventricular rhythm

Question 8

multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT)

Answer 8

a rhythm of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), with P’ waves of different shapes, since three or more atrial foci are involved

Question 9

atrial fibrillation

Answer 9

irregular rhythm, continuous chaotic atrial spikes, irregular ventricular rhythm

Question 10

atrial fibrillation

Answer 10

caused by the continuous rapid-firing of multiple atrial automaticity foci. no single impulse depolarizes the atria completely and only occasional ones reach AV node to be conducted to ventricles, no p waves

Question 11

sinus arrhythmia

Answer 11

considered normal, varies with respiration, constant p waves

Question 12

escape rhythm

Answer 12

an automaticity focus escapes overdrive suppression to pace at its inherent rate

Question 13

escape beat

Answer 13

an automaticity focus transiently escapes overdrive suppression to emit one beat, due to sinus block

Question 14

sinus arrest

Answer 14

when a sa node ceases pacemaking completely

Question 15

junctional automaticity focus

Answer 15

(a focus) pacing from av node, conducts to ventricles, may depolarize atria from below producing inverted p’ waves with an upright qrs

Question 16

junctional automaticity focus

Answer 16

(a focus) retrograde (inverted) p’ wave immediately before each qrs, after each qrs, or within each qrs

Question 17

stoke’s adams syndrome

Answer 17

pacing from ventricular focus so slow that blood flow to the brain is reduced to the point of unconsciousness

Question 18

ventricular escape beat

Answer 18

produces enormous QRS complex, caused by burst of parasympathetic activity that depresses SA node and atrial and junctional foci

Question 19

premature beat

Answer 19

originates in an irritable automaticity focus that fires spontaneously, producing a beat earlier than expected in the rhythm

Question 20

atrial, junctional

Answer 20

____ and ____ foci become irritable bc of adrenaline, increased sympathetic stimulation, caffeine, digitalis, hyperthyroidism, (adrenergic substances) stretch, low O2