Duan: Gout Drugs Flashcards
caused by deposition of uric acid crystals in the joint space as a result of long-standing hyperuricemia (increased production or decreased excretion of uric acid), causing an inflammatory reaction.
gout
What is happening in the inflammatory process in gout?
deposition of uric acid crystals causes phagocytic cells to infiltrate and attempt to phagocytize the urate crystals;
lactate production is high in synovial joints and this low pH environment causes further deposition of uric acid
Urate is also deposited in the interstitial tissues of the kidney. What problem can this lead to?
kidney stones
What are some conditions that increase uric acid?
height body weight blood pressure warm climate diabetes hyperlipidemia alcohol social status intelligence
At what age is gout most likely to occur in males and females?
70’s for men
80+ for females
Uric acid (which is converted to urate) is a product of (blank) metabolism
purine
Deficiency in this enzyme can cause primary gout
HPRT (hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase)
**Lesch-Nyhan disease
Overproduction of urate secondary to increased breakdown of blood cells as in leukemia.
Chemotherapy or radiation.
Decreased excretion of urate due to use of alcohol, thiazide diuretics or low doses of aspirin.
secondary gout
Describe the disease progression of gout
asymptomatic with high levels of serum urate
acute gout: very painful monoarticular arthritis, usu in a big toe initially
intercritical period: remission
chronic tophaceous gout: gouty arthritis with crystals in synovium and some degree of bone erosion
uric acid kidney stones can form
Chronic gout leads to deposition of urates into a chalky mass known as a (blank). This mass can destroy the joint and adjacent bone
tophus
Pale areas seen in histology of gout, aggregates of urate crystals surrounded by infiltrated of immune mediating cells
tophi
Synovial fluid is aspirated from a patient with gout and examined for the presence of (blank)
sodium urate crystals
In this disease, there is formation of rhomboid or coffin-shaped calcium pyrophosphate crystals
pseudogout
A unique antiinflammatory agent in that it is effective only against gouty arthritis. It provides dramatic relief of inflammation and pain in acute gouty arthritis, and is an effective prophylactic agent against such attacks.
Drug of choice for acute attacks.
Reduction of inflammation and relief from pain occur 12—24 hours after oral administration.
colchicine
What is the MOA of colchicine? Does it effects the concentration of uric acid in the blood or its renal excretion?
may inhibit granulocytes from infiltrating into inflamed area, inhibits release of histamine from mast cells; no it does not influence renal excretion of blood concentration of uric acid