D.treatment machine accessories E.tratment application

Question 1

_____are meant to create a homogeneous isodose distribution within the patient

Answer 1

Compensators

Question 2

Two types of compensators include :

Answer 2

missing tissue compensators and dose compensators

Question 3

A ____tissue compensator makes up for a sloping skin surface and creates a more homogeneous dose distribution

Answer 3

missing

Question 4

A ____compensator makes up for missing tissue and inhomogeneities in the patient’s anatomy

Answer 4

dose

Question 5

_____:are Used during electron therapy to shield critical structures that are located directly behind the tumor being treated

Answer 5

Internal shields

Question 6

______: Limit a certain percentage of the beam to pass through at a certain location within the treatment field

Answer 6

Transmission filters

Question 7

___: Premade shields created with a high-density material. » Not customized for each patient

Answer 7

Hand blocks

Question 8

_____: Shields that are individualized for each patient » Can be created into almost any shape

Answer 8

Cast blocks

Question 9

______is made up of 50 percent bismuth, 26.7 percent lead, 13.3 percent tin, and 10 percent cadmium W/ Ctl•ase

Answer 9

Cerrobend

Question 10

Cerrobend has a lower melting point than lead and melts at

Answer 10

740C (1650F)

Question 11

Allowable transmission of the radiation beam through the cast block is less than

Answer 11

5 percent

Question 12

Blocks used with photon beams should be placed at a minimum of ___ cm from the surface of the patient

Answer 12

20cm

Question 13

The thickness of Cerrobend blocks ranges from

Answer 13

6 to 8 cm

Question 14

_____ are blocks that shield more of the central part of the radiation field, leaving the periphery open » Example: lung blocks

Answer 14

Positive blocks

Question 15

_____are blocks that shield the periphery of the radiation field and the central portion is open » Example: electron cutouts

Answer 15

Negative blocks

Question 16

____ Reduces the need for cast blocks

Answer 16

MLCs`

Question 17

Leaf width varies from ____Cm

Answer 17

0.4 to 2.0 cm

Question 18

The ____the width of the leaf, the more conformal the shape of the beam can be

Answer 18

narrower

Question 19

____is possible with the use of MLCs

Answer 19

IMRT

Question 20

_______: The beam is delivered with MLCs in one stationary position, turned off as the MLCs reposition to the next segment, and then turned back on

Answer 20

Step and shoot

Question 21

______: The beam remains on as the MLCs move throughout the treatment

Answer 21

Dynamic

Question 22

____is used to eliminate skin-sparing effects in photon therapy, compensate for irregular surface contours, and eliminate air gaps in treatment fields

Answer 22

Bolus

Question 23

Examples of bolus material are

Answer 23

superflab, paraffin wax, Vaseline gauze, etc.

Question 24

___are used to alter the isodose distribution based on the patient’s skin

Answer 24

Wedges

Question 25

• Newer machines use _____ to replace the use of physical wedges

Answer 25

enhanced dynamic wedges (EDW)

Question 26

The thick end of a wedge is called the “heel”; it absorbs or attenuates more of the beam than the

Answer 26

toe,” or the thin end of the wedge

Question 27

A ______ is used in larger fields like Total Body Irradiation (TBI) and eliminates skin sparing

Answer 27

beam spoiler

Question 28

____: Immobilization cast made of a foaming agent like polyurethane and a Styrofoam base

Answer 28

Alpha Cradle

Question 29

___: Immobilization device that uses a vacuum and small beads of Styrofoam within a thick plastic bag

Answer 29

Vac-Lok

Question 30

______: Immobilization device made of thermoplastic materials

Answer 30

Aquaplast

Question 31

A _____ is an elevated board with a cushion over it and a window cut out for the breast to fall through for treatment. » This allows the breast that is to be treated to hang lower than the rest of the patient’s body

Answer 31

prone breast board

Question 32

A_____ is a cushion or mattress with a window cut out in the middle so that when the patient lies prone, the abdomen can hang down

Answer 32

belly board

Question 33

Wing boards and breast boards are used to place the patient in the supine position with the

Answer 33

arms above the heads

Question 34

_____record the amount of monitor units that were delivered before a power failure occurred

Answer 34

Backup counters

Question 35

The ______ system is software that allows communication between the treatment planning system and the linear accelerator control system (console)

Answer 35

record and verify (R & V)

Question 36

____ image review: Images are reviewed before treatment

Answer 36

Online

Question 37

___image review: Images are reviewed after treatment

Answer 37

Offline

Question 38

_____: Newer technology that uses flat-panel x-ray detectors. eady to be reviewed immediately and do not have to be processed like films

Answer 38

Electronic portal imaging devices (EPIDs)

Question 39

The radiation dose can be verified with

Answer 39

diodes

Question 40

Equipment hazards include

Answer 40

electrical, radiation, software, and mechanical hazards

Question 41

_____ malfunctions need to be reported to the radiation oncologist and radiation physicist and should also be documented according to departmental policies

Answer 41

Equipment