DTM

Question 1

Details on stage 1 of the DTM

Answer 1

High fluctuating - The total population is low
High birth rates due to lack of contraception/family planning
High death rates due to poor healthcare, poor diet and famine
High infant mortality which leads people to have more children so that some children survive to adulthood
Example: Traditional rainforest tribes in parts of Indonesia, Brazil and Malaysia, have small groups of people live separately with little contact with the outside world. They have a high birth rate and death rate

Question 2

Details on stage 2 DTM

Answer 2

Early expanding - The total population starts to rise rapidly
Birth rates remain high as people continue to have large families
Death rates decrease as a result of improved diets, better healthcare, lower infant mortality and increased access to clean water
Example: Afghanistan has a birth rate is 30 per 1000 and its death rate is 12 per 1000. About 80% of its population are farmers who need children to support them in the fields and tending livestock

Question 3

Details on stage 3

Answer 3

Late expanding - The total population continues to increase but the rate of growth begins to slow
Birth rate begins to fall rapidly due to increased birth control, family planning, increased cost of raising children and low infant mortality rate
Death rate still decreasing but at a slower rate as improvements in medicine, hygiene, diet and water quality continue
Example: Nigeria a NEE, is experiencing rapid economic growth. The death rate is much lower than the birth rate, therefore the country’s population is growing rapidly

Question 4

Details on stage 4

Answer 4

Low fluctuating - The total population growth slows and starts to level off
Birth rate is low and fluctuating due to accessible birth control and the choice of having fewer children as well as delaying the age women start to have children
Death rate is low and fluctuating
They cancel each other out
Example: USA is one of the most developed countries in the world and has a good-quality health care which means death rates are low (8 per 1000). Women tend to have smaller families, choose to study and follow careers which keeps the birth rate lower at 13 per 1000. Population growth is due mainly to immigration

Question 5

Details on stage 5

Answer 5

Natural decline - The total population starts to slowly decline as the death rate exceeds the birth rate
Birth rate is low and slowly decreasing.Results in an ageing population.
Death rate is low and fluctuating
Example: South Korea has the lowest birth rate in the world at 0.81 children per woman. In comparison the average rate across the world’s HICs is 1.6 children per woman. A country needs at least 2.1 children per couple to keep their population at the same size without relying on migration