DTAG general Flashcards
knowledge from parts of the book
Name the 5 types of operational driving stress
- Emotion - focused coping (self criticism from the driver)
- Confrontive coping (Mastery of the driving challenge through self assertion or conflict)
- Task - focused coping (active attempts to change the external environment via behaviour response)
- Avoidance coping (ignoring the stressor, often through self distraction and diverting attention away from driving)
- Reappraisal Coping (dealing with driver stress by re-appraising one emotions and cognitive reactions)
How to brake smoothly
1) gently take up free play in brake pedal
2) Increase the brake pedal pressure progressively, as required, to bring the vehicle to stop
3) Relax the brake pedal pressure as unwanted road speed is lost
4) Release the brake pressure just before stopping to ensure the vehicle stops smoothly
What is acceleration sense
The term “acceleration sense” is used by emergency response drivers to mean the ability to vary a vehicle’s speed according to changing road and traffic conditions using the accelerator alone, meaning less use of braking
Name 3 Types of hazard
- Physical features ( junctions, bends road surface)
- The position or movement of other road users (drivers, cyclists and pedestrians)
- Weather conditions (icy, wet, poor visibility)
5 Principles of Safe Cornering
1) make sure that your vehicle is in the correct position on the approach
2) Travel at the correct speed for the corner or bend
3) Select the correct gear for the speed
4) Use the accelerator to maintain a constant speed through the bend
5 Be able to stop safely within the distance you can see to be clear on your own side of the road.
Name the 7 checks for the daily VDI ( Vehicle daily inspection)
1) Examination of the Exterior
2) Wheels and Tyres
3) Under bonnet checks
4) Lights and reflectors
5) All glass, wipers and washers
6) All audible warning equipment and exhaust
7) Ambulance specific equipment and supplies
Name the 8 Pre-driving checks (PDC) and order to be checked
1) Check handbrake is applied and check gear lever
2) Adjust the position of the driver’s seat and steering wheel
3) Adjust all the drivers mirrors
4) Perform starting procedure
5) carry out static brake tests
6) Check auxiliary controls
7) Check seat belts and doors
8) Carry out the moving brake test
If the vehicle has already been driven today , what PDC still need to be done.
1) Check handbrake is applied and check gear lever
4) Perform starting procedure
7) Check seat belts and doors
Describe “Creep” and “run on” when the vehicle is fitted with an automatic gearbox
Creep - In D or R the vehicle will creep forward or backwards at low speed without the accelerator used. Using the brake when stationary is needed.
Run on - provides a driving sensation similar to “coasting” as there is no effective deceleration that manual gears get via the engine compression when the accelerator is released. - this may cause the vehicle to accelerate down hill.
What are ABS, EBA and EBF(d). What do they do
ABS Antilock Brake system - Allowing you to steer while under harsh braking or braking on loose gravel, by pulsating the brakes pressure on/off . This may be felt through the brake pedal
EBA Emergency brake assist - designed to operate during emergency braking by increasing brake pressure, reducing the stopping distance. Actively monitored to decided between normal braking and an emergency stop.
Electronic Brake force (distribution) - monitors and controls brake pressure to improve handling while braking, by varying brake force for better grip or reduce skidding.
What are retarders for brakes
assist braking systems by helping to slow the vehicle while ensuring a smooth ride. This is done by using electromagnetics slowing down the drive shafts rotation and helps reduce heat build up in brake pads. Also by working on the rear axle, can reduce front end dipping and thus stability.
Explain Traction control systems using ASC/ASR and ESC and what do the intials stand for?
Traction controls system is now made up of various systems
ASC Acceleration Skid Control
ASR Anti Slip regulator - transfers the power from tyres to the road for a set period, by apply brake effect to individual drive wheels, reducing engine torque to prevent wheels from spinning.
ESC Electronic stability Control - predicts when a vehicle may under/oversteer which could result in skidding. Works by braking individual drive wheels reducing power output from the engine. can be very helpful on wet or slippery road surfaces.
What are the 3 Audible warning sounds and Bull horn used for!
Wail sound - unbroken long up and down tone, best used travelling on long stretch of road or open areas. design to spread out in fan shape from the front of the vehicle
Yelp sound - similar to the yelp but faster emitting a whoo whoo whoo sound. Used in heavy slow traffic, at junctions and built up areas. Designed to bounce of buildings, can cause confusion as its hard to work out the sound direction.
Phaser - fast pulsed tone, used for travelling though intersections, traffic lights and close proximity to other vehicles when they need them to take notice
Bull Horn - deep single tone completely different to the others. Used to supplement the normal emergency sirens and used to attract attention immediately.
Which audible sirens should be used when travelling with other emergency vehicles
Other road users may not be expecting multiple emergency vehicles travelling in convoy, so to give them a chance to identify more than 1 vehicle, each emergency vehicle should each use a different siren tone and should maintain a clear space between each vehicle to allow for stopping distance
What is EWE and when shouldn’t it be used
EWE Emergency warning equipment - Loud sirens can be intimidating so they must be used intelligently in stationary traffic where there is a risk of threatening or forcing other vehicles to commit potentially dangerous manoeuvre that they may not have attempted otherwise. In this case deactivation of the EWE should be considered.
