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DT Year 11 Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

Properties of coniferous trees/ soft woods

A 
Mainly grow in cooler countries
Looser grain structure
Often used in building materials
Grow faster and are relatively cheaper
Usually softer and easier to work with
Trees grow tall and straight to make them easier to cut long straight planks 
Evergreen, do not lose leaves
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2
Q

Common softwoods

A

Pine
Spruce
Redwoods

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3
Q

Properties of hardwoods/ deciduous

A 
Usually quite hard
Grow in temperate climates
Broad leaved, produce seeds as fruit
Slower growing trees ( can take 100s years )
Relatively more expensive
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4
Q

Common hardwoods

A 
Ash
Beech
Mahogany
Oak
Balsa
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5
Q

Uses of common hardwoods

A 
Ash: furniture
Beech: furniture 
Mahogany: expensive furniture
Oak: furniture 
Balsa: modelling
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6
Q

Why is timber considered sustainable

A

It is harvested responsibly and inly certain trees are cut. Trees can regrow whereas metals cannot. Timber can be recycled

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7
Q

What does the FSC do

A

Stands for: Forest Stewardship Council
Makes sure trees are harvested safely and responsibly
Cut down trees from certain areas and then leave to regrow for 30 years
Track timber to the buyer

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8
Q

About metals and where they come from

A

Ores are naturally formed rocks that contain metals
Metal takes millions of years to form and are extracted from the Earth
Will eventually run out
Mining is the process to extract metals
Mining disrupts surrounding environments and the atmospheres
Most metals can be recycled

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9
Q

What are the two categories can metals be sorted into?

A

Ferrous: contains iron, magnetic

Non ferrous: does not contain iron, not magnetic

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10
Q

Characteristics of ferrous metals

A

Contain iron
Magnetic, helps sort during recycline
Carbon content makes it prone to corrosion when exposed to moisture and oxygen e.g: rust
Properties: hardness, malleabel - more carbon less malleable

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11
Q

Characteristics of non ferrous metals

A

Doesn’t contain iron - Desirable due to malleability and resistance to corrosion
Majority are not magnetic, good for electronic devices and wiring
Aluminium is the most widely used metal

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12
Q

Exmples of ferrous metals

A

Cast iron
Low carbon steel
High carbon steel

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13
Q

Example of non ferrous metals

A

Aluminium- used for aircraft, window frames, saucepans, insulation, pistons and cranks
Copper - can be combine with tin to make bronze, bronze can be used for: ships’ propellers, musical instruments, bearings
Zinc: used in alloys, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, batteries, electrical equipment

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14
Q

What are polymers

A

Made from refining crude oil
Frac
Chemical reactions produce a tionlarge number of identical molecules called monomers
Monomers can be combined together to form long strands called polymers
All plastics are types of polymers

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15
Q

Properties of polymers

A 
Coloured: can be produced in any colour
Self finishing
Shaped: can be formed into unusual shaped
Formed: formed in a number of ways 
Reasonable cost
Versatile working properties
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16
Q

Properties of thermoforming plastics

A

Can be reheated and therefore shaped in various ways
Become mouldable after reheating as they do not undergo significant chemical changes
The bond is weak and and becomes weaker when reheated, allowing reshaping
These plastics can be reshaped

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17
Q

Pros of thermoforming plastics

A 
Highly recyclables
Aesthetically superior finishes
High impact resistance
Remoulding/ reshaping capabilities
Chemically resistant
Eco - friendly manufacturing
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18
Q

Cons of thermoforming plastics

A

Generally more expensive than thermosetting plastics

Can melt if heated

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19
Q

Examples of thermoforming plastics

A

HIPS: high impact polystyrene
HDPE: high density polythene
PP: polypropelene
PMMA: acrylic

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20
Q

What are thermosetting plastics

A

Once ‘ set ‘ these plastics cannot be reheated to soften, shape and mould. The molecules of these plastics are cross linked in 3 dimensions and this is why they cannot be reshaped or recycled. The bond between the molecules is very strong

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21
Q

Pros of thermosetting plastics

A 
More resistant to high temperatures than thermoforming plastics 
Highly flexible design 
Thick to thin wall capabilities 
Excellent aesthetic appearence 
High levels of dimensional stability 
Cost affective
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22
Q

Cons of thermosetting plastics

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A

Cannot be recycled
More difficult to surface finish
Cannot be remoulded of reshaped

23
Q

Examples of thermosetting plastics

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A

Polyester resin

Epoxy resin

24
Q

What is tolerance

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A

The acceptance range of difference from standard

25
Quality assurance definition
Procedures to manage all functions that effect quality
26
Quality control definitions
Check against the manufacturing specification
27
What is one off production
These products are expensive at cost price, sometimes bespoke, and often take a large time to make and cost of materials and labour are high. Many prototypes are " one off products "
28
What is batch production
These products are identical and produced in small batchs, daily, weekly, monthly or when needed. They can range in cost price.
29
What is mass production
These products are produced in very high volume. They are are normally products that are in high demand and can range in expanse, cars are a good example
30
Continuous production
These items are normally very cheap to make and could be considered ' throwaway '. These factories are often found in developing countries where land for factories and equipment are cheaper
31
Example of one off products
Fitted shoes | Taylored suits
32
Example of batch production
Baked goods
33
Example of mass production
Lego
34
Example of continuous production
Toilet paper
35
Example of just in time production
Restaurants
36
What is just in time production ( JIT )
This scale of production relies on the product being manufactured to a time schedule. This allows raw materials to be delivered at an exact time for production, and then manufactured and are shipped straight to distribution/ retailers. Apple INC uses JIT production
37
What do the 6rs stand for
``` Reuse Recycle Rethink Reduce Refuse Repair ```
38
Name non renewable fuels
Coal Oil Natural gas
39
What greenhouse gas is produced when burning fossil fuels
Carbon dioxide 🚬
40
5 methods of renewable energy
``` Tidal Hydroelectric power Wind turbines Biofuels Solar power ```
41
What does fracking do?
Extract natural gas from shale rock
42
Benefits of nuclear energy
Losts of energy produced | Doesn't produce greenhouse gases
43
Problems with nuclear energy
Produces nuclear waste which is environmentally damaging
44
Name common metal finishes
Anodising - colouring metal by adding dyes to solution Electroplating: electrolysis to apply a different metal to a base metal Galvanising: applying a zinc coating to prevent rusting Plasting power coating : applying plastic powder then melting to provide coat Brush on metal: painting metal with a brush Plastic dip coating: dipping metal in plastic to provide simple surface finish
45
Name some wood finishes
Spray paint Stain: retains wood grain Teak oil: protects wood from UV rays Polyurethane: makes the wood easily cleanable
46
Stages for injection moulding
Plastic granules fed into hopper Screw in chamber below hopper sends granules forwards Heated jackets around screw melt polymer Screw winds back and hydraulic ram come forward into position Mould closed and sealed as ram forces melted plastic into mould Plastic allowed to cool and halves of mould released " Sprew "machined off
47
Stages of vacuum forming
Mould placed into former Sheet of thermoplastic ( e.g HIPS ) clamped over mould Plastic slowly heated to become soft Former raised and air sucked out, drawing plastic over former to takes it's shape Plastic allowed to cool and then removed from mould Edges trimmed and finished
48
Stages of line bending
``` Strip heater ( hot wire ) heats acrylic to 160 degrees Acrylic becomes soft and pliable and can be bent into shape Jigs and formers can be used to bend acrylic into desired shapes ```
49
Stages of blow moulding
Mould opened into two halves Hollow tube of polymer ( known as parison ) is heated Parison lowered into mould Mould clamped shut, leaving small hole for air hose Air is forced into mould at high pressure, plastic is forced to mould's sides and cools
50
Stages of extrusion
Motor turns thread which feeds granules of plastic through heater Granules melt into liquid, forced through a die forming long tube like shape Extrusion then cooled and forms solid shape Shape of die determines shape of tube
51
Ergonomics
The study of how well and comfortably people can interact with products and symbols
52
What are anthropometrics
The practice of taking measurements of the human body and provides categorised data that can be jsed by designer🍸 Eg: child head 4 cm
53
What is technology push
Develop in science and industry leads to new discoveries, these can be used to improve existing products or develop new ones. It happens before there is a user demand
54
What is market pull?
When product ideas are produced in response to customer needs.

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