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DT > DT Year 11 > Flashcards

DT Year 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Properties of coniferous trees/ soft woods

A 
Mainly grow in cooler countries
Looser grain structure
Often used in building materials
Grow faster and are relatively cheaper
Usually softer and easier to work with
Trees grow tall and straight to make them easier to cut long straight planks 
Evergreen, do not lose leaves
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2
Q

Common softwoods

A

Pine
Spruce
Redwoods

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3
Q

Properties of hardwoods/ deciduous

A 
Usually quite hard
Grow in temperate climates
Broad leaved, produce seeds as fruit
Slower growing trees ( can take 100s years )
Relatively more expensive
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4
Q

Common hardwoods

A 
Ash
Beech
Mahogany
Oak
Balsa
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5
Q

Uses of common hardwoods

A 
Ash: furniture
Beech: furniture 
Mahogany: expensive furniture
Oak: furniture 
Balsa: modelling
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6
Q

Why is timber considered sustainable

A

It is harvested responsibly and inly certain trees are cut. Trees can regrow whereas metals cannot. Timber can be recycled

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7
Q

What does the FSC do

A

Stands for: Forest Stewardship Council
Makes sure trees are harvested safely and responsibly
Cut down trees from certain areas and then leave to regrow for 30 years
Track timber to the buyer

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8
Q

About metals and where they come from

A

Ores are naturally formed rocks that contain metals
Metal takes millions of years to form and are extracted from the Earth
Will eventually run out
Mining is the process to extract metals
Mining disrupts surrounding environments and the atmospheres
Most metals can be recycled

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9
Q

What are the two categories can metals be sorted into?

A

Ferrous: contains iron, magnetic

Non ferrous: does not contain iron, not magnetic

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10
Q

Characteristics of ferrous metals

A

Contain iron
Magnetic, helps sort during recycline
Carbon content makes it prone to corrosion when exposed to moisture and oxygen e.g: rust
Properties: hardness, malleabel - more carbon less malleable

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11
Q

Characteristics of non ferrous metals

A

Doesn’t contain iron - Desirable due to malleability and resistance to corrosion
Majority are not magnetic, good for electronic devices and wiring
Aluminium is the most widely used metal

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12
Q

Exmples of ferrous metals

A

Cast iron
Low carbon steel
High carbon steel

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13
Q

Example of non ferrous metals

A

Aluminium- used for aircraft, window frames, saucepans, insulation, pistons and cranks
Copper - can be combine with tin to make bronze, bronze can be used for: ships’ propellers, musical instruments, bearings
Zinc: used in alloys, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, batteries, electrical equipment

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14
Q

What are polymers

A

Made from refining crude oil
Frac
Chemical reactions produce a tionlarge number of identical molecules called monomers
Monomers can be combined together to form long strands called polymers
All plastics are types of polymers

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15
Q

Properties of polymers

A 
Coloured: can be produced in any colour
Self finishing
Shaped: can be formed into unusual shaped
Formed: formed in a number of ways 
Reasonable cost
Versatile working properties
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16
Q

Properties of thermoforming plastics

A

Can be reheated and therefore shaped in various ways
Become mouldable after reheating as they do not undergo significant chemical changes
The bond is weak and and becomes weaker when reheated, allowing reshaping
These plastics can be reshaped

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17
Q

Pros of thermoforming plastics

A 
Highly recyclables
Aesthetically superior finishes
High impact resistance
Remoulding/ reshaping capabilities
Chemically resistant
Eco - friendly manufacturing
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18
Q

Cons of thermoforming plastics

A

Generally more expensive than thermosetting plastics

Can melt if heated

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19
Q

Examples of thermoforming plastics

A

HIPS: high impact polystyrene
HDPE: high density polythene
PP: polypropelene
PMMA: acrylic

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20
Q

What are thermosetting plastics

A

Once ‘ set ‘ these plastics cannot be reheated to soften, shape and mould. The molecules of these plastics are cross linked in 3 dimensions and this is why they cannot be reshaped or recycled. The bond between the molecules is very strong

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21
Q

Pros of thermosetting plastics

A 
More resistant to high temperatures than thermoforming plastics 
Highly flexible design 
Thick to thin wall capabilities 
Excellent aesthetic appearence 
High levels of dimensional stability 
Cost affective
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22
Q

Cons of thermosetting plastics

A

Cannot be recycled
More difficult to surface finish
Cannot be remoulded of reshaped

23
Q

Examples of thermosetting plastics

A

Polyester resin

Epoxy resin

24
Q

What is tolerance

A

The acceptance range of difference from standard

25
Q

Quality assurance definition

A

Procedures to manage all functions that effect quality

26
Q

Quality control definitions

A

Check against the manufacturing specification

27
Q

What is one off production

A

These products are expensive at cost price, sometimes bespoke, and often take a large time to make and cost of materials and labour are high. Many prototypes are “ one off products “

28
Q

What is batch production

A

These products are identical and produced in small batchs, daily, weekly, monthly or when needed. They can range in cost price.

29
Q

What is mass production

A

These products are produced in very high volume. They are are normally products that are in high demand and can range in expanse, cars are a good example

30
Q

Continuous production

A

These items are normally very cheap to make and could be considered ‘ throwaway ‘. These factories are often found in developing countries where land for factories and equipment are cheaper

31
Q

Example of one off products

A

Fitted shoes

Taylored suits

32
Q

Example of batch production

A

Baked goods

33
Q

Example of mass production

A

Lego

34
Q

Example of continuous production

A

Toilet paper

35
Q

Example of just in time production

A

Restaurants

36
Q

What is just in time production ( JIT )

A

This scale of production relies on the product being manufactured to a time schedule. This allows raw materials to be delivered at an exact time for production, and then manufactured and are shipped straight to distribution/ retailers. Apple INC uses JIT production

37
Q

What do the 6rs stand for

A 
Reuse
Recycle
Rethink
Reduce
Refuse
Repair
38
Q

Name non renewable fuels

A

Coal
Oil
Natural gas

39
Q

What greenhouse gas is produced when burning fossil fuels

A

Carbon dioxide 🚬

40
Q

5 methods of renewable energy

A 
Tidal
Hydroelectric power
Wind turbines
Biofuels
Solar power
41
Q

What does fracking do?

A

Extract natural gas from shale rock

42
Q

Benefits of nuclear energy

A

Losts of energy produced

Doesn’t produce greenhouse gases

43
Q

Problems with nuclear energy

A

Produces nuclear waste which is environmentally damaging

44
Q

Name common metal finishes

A

Anodising - colouring metal by adding dyes to solution
Electroplating: electrolysis to apply a different metal to a base metal
Galvanising: applying a zinc coating to prevent rusting
Plasting power coating : applying plastic powder then melting to provide coat
Brush on metal: painting metal with a brush
Plastic dip coating: dipping metal in plastic to provide simple surface finish

45
Q

Name some wood finishes

A

Spray paint
Stain: retains wood grain
Teak oil: protects wood from UV rays
Polyurethane: makes the wood easily cleanable

46
Q

Stages for injection moulding

A

Plastic granules fed into hopper
Screw in chamber below hopper sends granules forwards
Heated jackets around screw melt polymer
Screw winds back and hydraulic ram come forward into position
Mould closed and sealed as ram forces melted plastic into mould
Plastic allowed to cool and halves of mould released
“ Sprew “machined off

47
Q

Stages of vacuum forming

A

Mould placed into former
Sheet of thermoplastic ( e.g HIPS ) clamped over mould
Plastic slowly heated to become soft
Former raised and air sucked out, drawing plastic over former to takes it’s shape
Plastic allowed to cool and then removed from mould
Edges trimmed and finished

48
Q

Stages of line bending

A 
Strip heater ( hot wire ) heats acrylic to 160 degrees 
Acrylic becomes soft and pliable and can be bent into shape
Jigs and formers can be used to bend acrylic into desired shapes
49
Q

Stages of blow moulding

A

Mould opened into two halves
Hollow tube of polymer ( known as parison ) is heated
Parison lowered into mould
Mould clamped shut, leaving small hole for air hose
Air is forced into mould at high pressure, plastic is forced to mould’s sides and cools

50
Q

Stages of extrusion

A

Motor turns thread which feeds granules of plastic through heater
Granules melt into liquid, forced through a die forming long tube like shape
Extrusion then cooled and forms solid shape
Shape of die determines shape of tube

51
Q

Ergonomics

A

The study of how well and comfortably people can interact with products and symbols

52
Q

What are anthropometrics

A

The practice of taking measurements of the human body and provides categorised data that can be jsed by designer🍸
Eg: child head 4 cm

53
Q

What is technology push

A

Develop in science and industry leads to new discoveries, these can be used to improve existing products or develop new ones. It happens before there is a user demand

54
Q

What is market pull?

A

When product ideas are produced in response to customer needs.

DT (4 decks)

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